Supersymmetry

Anyone who has studied basic science knows about the atom: the basic building block of matter as we know it. All of us, along with our planet, the solar system, stars, and galaxies, are made of atoms. But, atoms themselves are built from much smaller units called subatomic particles—electrons, protons, and neutrons. The study of these and other subatomic particles is called particle physics  the study of the nature of and interactions between these particles, which make up matter and radiation. One of the latest topics in particle physics research is supersymmetry which, like string theory, uses models of one-dimensional strings in place of particles to help explain certain phenomena that are still not well understood. The theory says that at the beginning of the universe when the rudimentary particles were being formed, an equal number of so-called superparticles or superpartners were created at the same time. Although this idea is not yet proven, physicists are using instruments such as the Large Hadron Collider to search for these superparticles. If they do exist, it would at least double the number of known particles in the cosmos. To understand supersymmetry, its best to start with a look at the particles that are known and understood in the universe. Dividing the Subatomic Particles Subatomic particles arent the smallest units of matter. They are made up of even tinier divisions called elementary particles, which themselves are considered by physicists to be excitations of quantum fields. In physics, fields are regions where each area or point is affected by a force, such as gravity or electromagnetism. Quantum refers to the smallest amount of any physical entity that is involved in interactions with other entities or affected by forces. The energy of an electron in an atom is quantized. A light particle, called a photon, is a single quantum of light. The field of quantum mechanics or quantum physics is the study of these units and how physical laws affect them. Or, think of it as the study of very small fields and discrete units and how they are affected by physical forces. Particles and Theories All known particles, including the sub-atomic particles, and their interactions are described by a theory called the Standard Model. It has 61 elementary particles which can combine to form composite particles. It is not yet a complete description of nature, but it gives enough for particle physicists to try and understand some fundamental rules about how matter is made up, particularly in the early universe. The Standard Model describes three of four fundamental forces in the universe: the electromagnetic force (which deals with interactions between electrically charged particles), the weak force (which deals with the interaction between subatomic particles that results in radioactive decay), and the strong force (which holds particles together at short distances). It does not explain the gravitational force. As mentioned above, it also describes the 61 particles known so far.   Particles, Forces, and Supersymmetry The study of the smallest particles and the forces that affect and govern them has led physicists to the idea of supersymmetry. It maintains that all particles in the universe are divided into two groups: bosons (which are subclassified into gauge bosons and one scalar boson) and fermions (which get subclassified as quarks and antiquarks, leptons and anti-leptons, and their various generations). The hadrons are composites of multiple quarks. The theory of supersymmetry posits that theres a connection between all these particle types and subtypes. So, for example, supersymmetry says that a fermion has to exist for every boson, or, for each electron, it suggests there is superpartner called a selectron and vice versa. These superpartners are connected to each other in some way. Supersymmetry is an elegant theory, and if it is proven to be true, it would go a long way toward helping physicists fully explain the building blocks of matter within the Standard Model and bring gravity into the fold. So far, however, superpartner particles have not been detected in experiments using the Large Hadron Collider. That doesnt mean they dont exist, but that they havent yet been detected. It can also help particle physicists pin down the mass of a very basic subatomic particle: the Higgs boson (which is a manifestation of something called the Higgs Field). This is the particle that gives all matter its mass, so its an important one to understand thoroughly. Why Is Supersymmetry Important? The concept of supersymmetry, while extremely complex, is, at its heart, a way to delve deeper into the fundamental particles that make up the universe. While particle physicists think they have found the very basic units of matter in the sub-atomic world, they are still a long way from understanding them completely. So, research into the nature of subatomic particles and their possible superpartners will continue. Supersymmetry may also help physicists zero in on the nature of dark matter. It is a (so far) unseen form of matter that can be detected indirectly by its gravitational effect on regular matter. It could well work out that the same particles being sought out in supersymmetry research could hold a clue to the nature of dark matter.

The Glass Menagerie - 1464 Words

The theme of Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie is conflict. The play contains both internal and external conflict. The absence of Toms father forces external turmoil and conflict between Tom the protagonist, and his mother the antagonist. The internal conflict is seen within Tom through his constant references to leaving home and his selfishness. The play is about a young aspiring poet named Tom, who works at a shoe warehouse. Tom is unhappy with is life at home mainly because of his overbearing, over protective mother named Amanda. Tom also has a sister within the play named Laura who chooses to isolate herself from the rest of society. During the play Toms relationship with his mother is filled with very harsh and abrasive†¦show more content†¦Within the quote Tom proves he is a coward because he tries to find the easy way out of handling his problems by leaving. Tom believes his absence is a well deserved punishment for his mother and boss because he was forced to fi ll his fathers shoes. The portrayal of Toms character is similar to Jessies because they both feel leaving is the only way to solve their problems. Much like Tom, Jessie chooses to solve hers within the play by leaving through death. Both Jessie and Tom feel handling their predicaments by leaving are justifiable and suitable. For instance, Jessies cowardliness is displayed when Thelma says, You can keep trying. You can get brave and try some more. You dont have to give up!(Norman 1486). It is clearly seen within the quote Thelma equates Jessie to a quitter because she realizes Jessie is abandoning her many problems by giving up. Jessies desperation and lack of confidence compliment her depiction as a coward. In the same way, Stein believes Tom is coward when he says, Toms desire to escape from home and the warehouse and Amandas belief (Stein 4). Steins references to the things Tom abandons during the play emphasizes Toms cowardly manner. Stein realizes Tom would rather act irrationa lly and not try to solve his problems as opposed to acting rationally and solving the problems. As has been noted, the portrayal of Tom as a coward helps to elaborate on the theme of conflict.Show MoreRelatedThe Glass Menagerie561 Words   |  2 PagesThe twentieth century was a century full of memorable events. These events influence most everything going on around them. Tennessee Williams’s play, The Glass Menagerie, influenced twentieth century American theatre and continues to influence theatre to this day. Many unforgettable things happened in the twentieth century. On October 24th, 1929 the stock market crashes (Daniel 375). This sends the country into a panic. In other countries much more is going on such as the Holocaust. On SeptemberRead More Essay on the Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚   Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, describes three separate characters, their dreams, and the harsh realities they face in a modern world.   The Glass Menagerie exposes the lost dreams of a southern family and their desperate struggle to escape reality. Williams use of symbols adds depth to the play. The glass menagerie itself is a symbol Williams uses to represent the broken lives of Amanda, Laura and Tom Wingfield andRead MoreThe And The Glass Menagerie1597 Words   |  7 Pagessituations can lead to a woman to be too mothering. It is a factor that transcends real life. This conflict causing dynamic is very prevalent in numerous stories, films, and plays. Two plays where it is shown in significance are Machinal and The Glass Menagerie. In both cases, the actions taken by the mother roles in the shows, resulted in some of the character’s roles ending in unfortunate events of some sort. Sophie Treadwell’s Machinal was loosely based and i nspired by the murder trial ofRead MoreEssay on Glass Menagerie722 Words   |  3 Pages Compare amp; Contrast Essay nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams contained well-characterized characters. The quot;Dead Poetamp;#8217;s Societyquot; also contained a great set of characters that were similar to those in The Glass Menagerie. It is fair to say that the characters of The Glass Menagerie and the characters of quot;Dead Poetamp;#8217;s Societyquot; are more similar than different. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Both stories had no main characters;Read MoreGlass Menagerie Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesGlass Menagerie Written Responses Topic: Discuss how a theme is developed in the play through two characters. Provide 3 pieces of evidence to support the theme as it applies to each character. â€Å" The Glass Menagerie †, a memory play by Tennessee Williams, not only depicts the depressing andRead MoreA Glued Glass Menagerie.500 Words   |  2 PagesA Glued Glass Menagerie. A hopelessly romantic â€Å"Southern Belle†, Amanda Wingfield is said to be the â€Å"most dramatic character of The Glass Menagerie.† Amanda’s part in this particular play is that of an expressive mother who has been brought into the real world by the digressing economy, and new world form. Life as she knew it changed in a powerful way. In Tennessee William’s The Glass Menagerie, Amanda Wingfield is a caring mother who desperately tries to create a perfect world within her not-so-perfectRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesThe Glass Menagerie-Journal Entry #1 If you could change the outcome of the story, what change would you make? If I could change the outcome of the story, I would have allowed Laura and Jim O’Connor to get married. I would have made this change because then Amanda’s problem would have been solved, and Laura would have had financial support in the future. Another reason I would have made this change is because Jim O’Connor would have been the ideal man for Laura because he connected with her.Read More The Glass Menagerie Essay685 Words   |  3 PagesThe Glass Menagerie Symbolism is a major aspect in Tennessee Williams famous play, The Glass Menagerie. On the surface, the short slice of life story seems to be simple. However, if the reader digs deeper they will find that there are several symbols that give the play a deeper meaning. Each character defines each symbol in a different way. There are some very noticeable symbols that can be analyzed when studying The Glass Menagerie. The first is the actual glass menagerie that representsRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie : An Autobiography1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie: An Autobiography Tennessee William’s The Glass Menagerie is, by definition, a memory play. (Southeastern) It’s written from the point of view of Tom Wingfield, and outlines the events that caused him to flee his family, the entire story filled with undertones of guilt, as he regrets leaving his sister, Laura. The entire situation is eerily similar to the life of Williams, with the characters mimicking his real-life family – even similarly named – and the (arguably) main characterRead MoreThe Themes of the Glass Menagerie1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe Themes of the Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie is the story of the Wingfield family, Amanda, the mother, Tom, son, and Laura, daughter. The Wingfield’s story is one in which contains many underlying themes that each character experiences throughout the play. This essay will explore in depth looks at the themes, difficulty accepting reality, the impossibility of a true escape, and the unrelenting power of memory, as well as each characters issues with abandonment left

Leadership for Transformational and Charismatic - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLeadership for Transformational and Charismatic. Answer: Definition of Leadership Leadership in plain words refers to certain skills and abilities of an individual who excels in leading other persons thereby convincing them to pursue his/ her objectives and purposes collectively. However, it is quite likely that most of the persons must be aware regarding the above mentioned statements. However, after undergoing the class activities, discussions and readings I have comprehended that there are other criteria that require to be fulfilled by any successful leader such as style, strategy and method implemented by the leader. Again on the contrary, the leadership styles, approaches and strategies are affected by other external and internal factors as well as certain specific challenges (Offermann et al., 1994). According to my point of view, the challenges that influence the leadership patterns can be digitalization, change in economics of the market, governmental policies, in-house administration problems, discourse strategy and communication and others. Therefore, to me the definition of leadership is termed as the ongoing activity conducted to make the environmental conditions suitable, possessing knowledge regarding my team members and also knowing myself well including the limitations, acting as a facilitator by rendering the apt tools required for the team members, maintaining a humble and open attitude with positive outlook and authenticism, framing and setting objectives, imprinting the minds of my team members with leadership skills and ideas thereby forming future leaders, active listener and so on (Northouse, 2012). Leadership Learning and its Benefits There are factors that govern the effective leadership qualities and traits. They are the legitimacy, intentions, initiative, morality and behaviour. Further I have learnt over week 1 that successful leadership follows a structure and strategy which helps not only the employees and the leader to become successful bit also help the company achieve competitive advantage in the market. It is anticipated that there must be reasons behind organizations possessing diverse authoritative layers and bosses. As it is stated that organizations never fail, but strategies fail and similar is the situation for leadership. It is not the organization that fails to attain productivity and economic gains but it is the leadership styles and strategies incorporated that might not be rational and apt for the situation (Pearce et al., 2008). Further I have learned that leadership is significant in providing the assurance to smooth functionality of the organization. Moreover, it is dependent on the leaders to ensure whether the workforce gets fair remuneration in consideration to time, amount of work done and money. Further I have observed that inefficient leadership in most cases led to people related problems within the organization. Therefore, it gives me enough hints that efficient leadership will certainly create a positive working environment within the organization where the other following members will also get a feeling of being valued and that will certainly add to the overall momentum and performance of the company (Bass Bass, 2009). Especially the 5 factors that influence good leadership must be articulated whether within an organization or personally. For instance, the factor legitimacy in leadership that refers to the power that the individual possess in his/ her previous designation relating to companys hierarchy appears to be one crucial aspect in front of me. This is because previously I believed that the CEOs or the directors exerts their own leadership power according to their ways which is wrong as these leaders are obligated by the policies of the government to use and exert their legitimate power. Further I understood that it is mainly based upon the aspects of perception as well as reality (Avolio, 2007). Another point that I noted is to become a leader seems fine but what matters most is the intention of a leader. Intentions might be good or bad and that tend to affect the tasks and responsibilities and the lives of the followers as well as the organizations. For example, Saddam Hussein, Osama Bin Laden has also been leaders in their spheres but what segregated them from the world are their intentions. Similarly Barrack Obama is a successful global leader and can be separated from the above mentioned two considering his intentions. Therefore legitimacy, intentions, initiative, morality and behaviour are certain significant factors that govern the traits and effectiveness of leadership is what I mainly learned (Finkelstein et al., 2009). Leadership Implications for the Future Though the definition of leadership appears to be a leader motivating and convincing a group of people to follow his/ her dreams and objectives, well it is not that simple. There are other different layers that come to play to sustain the leadership qualities. Especially with the advent of globalization, the work culture and organizational culture must be kept in mind so as to make ways for global leaders to emerge. The global leaders must be skilled with qualities like entrepreneurism, adaptive capability, collaborative thinking pattern, possessing curious mind, imaginative faculty, effective communication as well as problem solving skills. Organizational culture as I have learnt signifies the culture and the interaction that flows within the organization (Schein, 2010). Culture refers to a behaviour that is practiced and instilled within the internal environment by the successful leaders and that flows outside the organization rendering a glimpse of the working culture. My point is that the organizational culture is inspired by the leaders and their strategies. For example, Hyatts culture stresses on diversity and inclusion. Hyatt not only gives preference to its guests but also its human resources by calling them its associates. Further Mark Hoplamazian, the President of Hyatt puts emphasis on the aspect that the workforce of the company must be treated with diversity and all inclusive work policies so that they are able to pass it on to their consumers according to Hyatt Corporation, (2017). Therefore, I might put it like it is the leader who imprints the thought process of an organization through his/ her way of thinking. Therefore the implications that the leaders are the significant drivers who possess the ability to imbibe their thought process and target upon their followers thereby applying certain effective and innovative strategies is what I have learned and consider to be worthy of application in my future job areas. However, these strategies can be empowering the employees, showing compassion and intelligence in handling situations, charismatic attitude, instilling confidence within the hearts of the group members, giving preference to innovative ideas even while it comes from a lower level employee, following the bottom-top approach rather than going top-bottom and many more (Lussier Achua, 2015). More Leadership Learning Certainly there are a lot of things that I would like to learn regarding leadership. Nonetheless, I have leant on how to become a successful leader and what makes him/ her successful. Moreover, I have also considered the strategies to effective leadership. However, what lingers in my mind is that it is critical to know regarding the barriers to successful leadership as I might be well equipped with my set of strategies in dealing with the hindrances. For example, prior to reading I nurtured the notion that it is the leaders who communicate policies according to their ways and that is being followed stressed Groves, (2007). However, I comprehended that there has to be effective communication between the leader and his/ her group where the leader shoulders the difficult responsibility in convincing the group members. If considered, then in effective communication might crop up as a barrier to good leadership thereby hampering the inner atmosphere of the organization and its productivity. Similarly there are other barriers such as taking the success for granted, overlooking the learning lessons that is derived from committing mistakes, not possessing sufficient knowledge and information regarding the external and internal environment, creating hindrances for the team to finish its jobs and more. Therefore these are the areas where I believe that learning and gaining knowledge is crucial as it will help me while I work as a manager or supervisor in my organization as per the statements of Dinh et al., (2014). Developing Leadership Knowledge and Skills As far as developing leadership knowledge and skills are concerned, I am currently undergoing an online course on leadership. I expect that from this course I would gain much and knowledge pertaining to leadership areas will be more cultivated than it was before. Further I could do more learning on books and the best way to learn is to work practically and gaining experience through practical knowledge. This is because in books there will be theories that I will learn but to implement the same I require to work and be ready to face several sorts of situations. However as a leader, I would apply innovative initiatives in order to take the advantage of the opportunities (Kalshoven et al., 2011). I believe that the successful and healthy companies do recognize the leadership skills and knowledge within any individual and simply not observe the strict and formal managerial tasks. Therefore, even as a part of an organization, I can always display my initiating attitude thereby sharing ideas and responsibilities which will certainly add mileage to my leadership career and personal development. Moreover I must always exhibit a can do attitude whenever situation demands trying to resolve the problems that might arise rather than turning those to other individuals. It is also critical to exhibit confidence, courage and enthusiasm regarding shouldering of responsibilities and situations thereby coining innovative strategies and implementing of skills of myself as well as other people whenever situation requires (Day Harrison, 2007). My Developmental Opportunities There are certain methods that might serve as my developmental opportunities in the path to effective leadership. the first and foremost opportunity that I regard to be is working as a manager or supervisor in an organization and getting to learn and gain more of practical knowledge as well as an evaluation of the market and its environment. Then getting accessibility to hindrances and challenges might test my knowledge thereby allowing me with the opportunity to handle such difficult situations and developing further leadership skills from there. For example, I might look forward to participate in challenging situations of my organization which will also enhance my communicative skills, problem solving skills, sharing of responsibilities with senior officials as well as other co-workers (Antonakis House, 2013). Therefore this appears as one of the scopes to developing leadership knowledge and skills. Further I might simply look forward to forming a group comprising personnel from diverse departments and share visions and ideas with them. This will help me in instances of complex projects where I get to work with different people coming from different background thereby gaining more knowledge regarding strategic issues and diversity. Further there is also great scope in learning about companys culture and getting one with it which will certainly serve as another developmental opportunity in the journey to successful leadership (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007). Improvement Strategies when Required There are many places that might require improvement through the incorporation of effective strategies within an organization. The improvement areas can be the team building, work culture, corporate communication, overall organizational strategy and many more. For example, team building calls for a massive innovation thereby allowing the leaders to implement their emotional intelligence, discipline, knowledge and experience. Moreover the leaders must possess the comprehension of handling people skills, their limitations, qualities and others. Recognition is one criterion that requires to be fulfilled while the leader ventures for team building (Woolley et al., 2011). Again on the other hand, improving the work culture requires certain factors from the leaders to fulfil such as nurturing vision and helping other members of the working environment see it and believe in it. Instilling trust within the work place is another crucial aspect that must always be considered. Sharing of knowledge and responsibilities will naturally kindle the leadership spirit in the concerning individuals as well as transparent communication must be achieved. I learnt that whenever situation requires improvement, these are few strategies that a leader might formulate to improve the scenario (Avolio, 2007). References Antonakis, J., House, R. J. (2013). The full-range leadership theory: The way forward. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 3-33). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Avolio, B. J. (2007). Promoting more integrative strategies for leadership theory-building.American Psychologist,62(1), 25. Bass, B. M., Bass, R. (2009).The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. Simon and Schuster. Day, D. V., Harrison, M. M. (2007). A multilevel, identity-based approach to leadership development.Human Resource Management Review,17(4), 360-373. Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 36-62. Finkelstein, S., Hambrick, D. C., Cannella, A. A. (2009).Strategic leadership: Theory and research on executives, top management teams, and boards. Oxford University Press, USA. Groves, K. S. (2007). Integrating leadership development and succession planning best practices.Journal of management development,26(3), 239-260. Hyatt Corporation. (2017). Diversity and Inclusion | Hyatt Workplace. Hyattworkplace.com. Retrieved 19 May 2017, from https://www.hyattworkplace.com/our-workplace/diversity-inclusion Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D. N., De Hoogh, A. H. (2011). Ethical leadership at work questionnaire (ELW): Development and validation of a multidimensional measure.The Leadership Quarterly,22(1), 51-69. Lussier, R. N., Achua, C. F. (2015).Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Nelson Education. Northouse, P. G. (2012).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage. Offermann, L.R., Kennedy, J.K., and Wirtz, P.W. (1994). Implicit leadership theories: content, structure, and generalizability. Leadership Quarterly, 5(1), 43-58. Pearce, C. L., Conger, J. A., Locke, E. A. (2008). Shared leadership theory.The Leadership Quarterly,19(5), 622-628. Schein, E. H. (2010).Organizational culture and leadership(Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons. Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity leadership theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era.The leadership quarterly,18(4), 298-318. Woolley, L., Caza, A., Levy, L. (2011). Authentic leadership and follower development: Psychological capital, positive work climate, and gender.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,18(4), 438-448.

Sasa Background free essay sample

Sasa Company has about 240 of retail sale shops and counters in Asia area. Otherwise, in Asia, there have six main markets in Hong Kong, Mainland, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan and Macau. Also Sasa Company hired around 4000 employees. It sells more about 600 brands products, include skin-care product, perfume, toiletry, hairlogist, body-care product and beauty nutrition product. t is very popular in Asia because in Sasa there have more choice to give customer to buy, sometimes Sasa also will agent some of the brand for only their company to sell out to attract more customers to buy their products. Sasa’s target customers include young female, lady and family(daily product),man, actually Sasa’s products are suitable for great majority people to use, most of the type for their product is skin-care product, it is useful for children, female and man so Sasa have a large target customers to make this company be more popular in these years. We will write a custom essay sample on Sasa Background or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The position that we have selected in Sasa Company is buyer. Buyer is a very important position in a company, it decide what, which product the company will sell in the market so buyer must very clear about what the customers need in the market what type of product will attract more. After to confirm which type or which brand of the product the company should choose, buyer have to talk with the brand company about the authority of agency, include the price, the time-limit, etc.. So buyer must have a good connect skill with people and the sense of responsibility. There have a vacancy in Sasa company because this position’s requests are very high and lots companies are need this position mostly, most the company they have be deficient in buyers, because the candidate must have more experience in similar job in the past so just can handle this job well and truly, also the candidate must have a good language culture to contact with their brand company, have a nice social contact in the related trade.

BLURRYFACE by TwentyOnePilots free essay sample

Twenty One Pilot’s BLURRYFACE Review The first time I listened to Twenty One Pilots, it was the song â€Å"Car Radio† from their third album Vessel. When lyrics of not being able to stay sane because the noise in the narrator’s car was still filled my ears, I could relate and fell for them at precisely that moment. Their music type is classified as alternative, but fans and even the band defaults to calling them â€Å"schizophrenic pop†.Established in 2009, lead singer Tyler Joseph stated the band with Chris Salih and Nick Thomas. After they left due to busy schedules in 2011, Joshua Dun replaced them and left his job to pursue music with Tyler. The dynamic duo thus began. Their latest album, BLURRYFACE, released May 15, 2015, is about overcoming the struggled to find one’s self presented in previous albums such as Vessel and Regional at Best.As seen in the song â€Å"Heavydirtysoul†, â€Å"Just another attempt to make the voices stop, rapping to prove nothing, just writing to say something, cause I wasnt the only one who wasnt rushing to sayin nothing, this doesnt mean I lost my dream, its just right now I got a really crazy mind to clean,† The lyrics demonstrate that the narrator will go crazy if he cannot state his mind. We will write a custom essay sample on BLURRYFACE by TwentyOnePilots or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page What is different about this album that is so different from the others is that their styles branch out from their usual hip-hop/alternative/indie routes and spilled into soul and folk territory, even pulling some of the beloved punk ukulele from â€Å"House of Gold† (Vessel). I loved the new album tremendously; it was so unlike from their other albums. Vessel, Twenty One Pilots, and Regional at Best were filled with slower songs such as â€Å"Truce†, â€Å"Forest†, and â€Å"Lovely†; while this album is full of rap and is pumped up with faster and even more intricate beats. Tyler again raps and does a fantastic job, but also has a beautiful voice displayed in the choruses of songs such as â€Å"Judge†, â€Å"Stressed Out†, and â€Å"Tear In My Heart†. I have never heard anything like Twenty One Pilot’s BLURRYFACE and enjoyed it the second I heard it. Overall, their new album surprises fans with their wide cross section of styles and resonant lyrics. Twenty One Pilots is breath of fresh air from the pop world where every song is about sex, drugs, and/or money. BLURRYFACE is for anyone who enjoys music that makes them not only think, but believe in something again.

Amoeba Anatomy, Digestion, and Reproduction

Amoeba Anatomy, Digestion, and Reproduction Amoebas are unicellular eukaryotic organisms classified in the Kingdom Protista. Amoebas are amorphous and appear as jelly-like blobs as they move about. These microscopic protozoa move by changing their shape, exhibiting a unique type of crawling motion that has come to be known as amoeboid movement. Amoebas make their homes in salt water and freshwater aquatic environments, wet soils, and some parasitic amoebas inhabit animals and humans. Key Takeaways: Amoebas An amoeba is an aquatic, single-celled protist characterized by a gelatinous body, amorphous shape, and amoeboid movement.Amoebas can form temporary extensions of their cytoplasm known as pseudopodia or false feet which can be used for locomotion or capturing food.Food acquisition is amoebas occurs by a type of endocytosis called phagocytosis. The food source (bacterium, algae, etc.) is engulfed whole, digested, and the waste expelled.Amoebas commonly reproduce by binary fission, a process in which the cell divides into two identical cells.Some species can cause disease in humans such as amebiasis, amoebic meningoencephalitis, and cornea infections of the eye. Classification Amoebas belong to the Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protista, Phyllum Protozoa, Class Rhizopoda, Order Amoebida, and the Family Amoebidae. Amoeba Anatomy Amoebas are simple in form consisting of cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane. The outer portion of the cytoplasm (ectoplasm) is clear and gel-like, while the inner portion of the cytoplasm (endoplasm) is granular and contains organelles, such as a nuclei, mitochondria, and vacuoles. Some vacuoles digest food, while others expel excess water and waste from the cell through the plasma membrane. The most unique aspect of amoeba anatomy is the formation of temporary extensions of the cytoplasm known as pseudopodia. These false feet are used for locomotion, as well as to capture food (bacteria, algae, and other microscopic organisms). Pseudopodia may be broad or thread-like in appearance with many forming at one time or one large extension may form when needed. Amoebas dont have lungs or any other type of respiratory organ. Respiration occurs as dissolved oxygen in the water diffuses across the cell membrane. In turn, carbon dioxide is eliminated from the amoeba by diffusion across the membrane into the surrounding water. Water is also able to cross the amoeba plasma membrane by osmosis. Any excess accumulation of water is expelled by contractile vacuoles within the amoeba. Nutrient Acquisition and Digestion Amoebas obtain food by capturing their prey with their pseudopodia. The food is internalized through a type of endocytosis known as phagocytosis. In this process, the pseudopodia surround and engulf a bacterium or other food source. A food vacuole forms around the food particle as it is internalized by the amoeba. Organelles known as lysosomes fuse with the vacuole releasing digestive enzymes inside the vacuole. Nutrients are obtained as the enzymes digest the food inside the vacuole. Once the meal is complete, the food vacuole dissolves. Reproduction Amoebas reproduce by the asexual process of binary fission. In binary fission, a single cell divides forming two identical cells. This type of reproduction happens as a result of mitosis. In mitosis, replicated DNA and organelles are divided between two daughter cells. These cells are genetically identical. Some amoeba also reproduce by multiple fission. In multiple fission, the amoeba secretes a three-layered wall of cells that harden around its body. This layer, known as a cyst, protects the amoeba when conditions become harsh. Protected in the cyst, the nucleus divides several times. This nuclear division is followed by the division of the cytoplasm for the same number of times. The result of multiple fission is the production of several daughter cells that are released once conditions become favorable again and the cyst ruptures. In some cases, amoebas also reproduce by producing spores. Parasitic Amoebas Some amoeba are parasitic and cause serious illness and even death in humans. Entamoeba histolytica cause amebiasis, a condition resulting in diarrhea and stomach pain. These microbes also cause amebic dysentery, a severe form of amebiasis. Entamoeba histolytica travel through the digestive system and inhabit the large intestines. In rare cases, they can enter the bloodstream and infect the liver or brain. Another type of amoeba, Naegleria fowleri, causes the brain disease amoebic meningoencephalitis. Also known as brain-eating amoeba, these organisms typically inhabit warm lakes, ponds, soil, and untreated pools. If N. fowleri enter the body though the nose, they can travel to the frontal lobe of the brain and cause a serious infection. The microbes feed on brain matter by releasing enzymes that dissolve brain tissue. N. fowleri infection in humans is rare but most often fatal. Acanthamoeba cause the disease Acanthamoeba keratitis. This disease results from an infection of the cornea of the eye. Acanthamoeba keratitis can cause eye pain, vision problems, and may result in blindness if left untreated. Individuals who wear contact lenses most often experience this type of infection. Contact lenses can become contaminated with Acanthamoeba if they are not properly disinfected and stored, or if worn while showering or swimming. To reduce the risk of developing Acanthamoeba keratitis, the CDC recommends that you properly wash and dry your hands before handling contact lenses, clean or replace lenses when needed, and store lenses in a sterile solution. Sources: Acanthamoeba Keratitis FAQs Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 June 2017, www.cdc.gov/parasites/acanthamoeba/gen_info/acanthamoeba_keratitis.html.Naegleria fowleri - Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM) - Amebic Encephalitis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 28 Feb. 2017, www.cdc.gov/parasites/naegleria/.Patterson, David J. â€Å"Tree of Life Amoebae: Protists Which Move and Feed Using Pseudopodia.† Tree of Life Web Project, tolweb.org/accessory/Amoebae?acc_id51.

Critical commentary about Ludwig Wittgenstein's view of 'hinge Essay

Critical commentary about Ludwig Wittgenstein's view of 'hinge propositions - Essay Example When what is considered known turns out to be false, it is a shattering experience that can change the perception of life and the worldview of those who are then enlightened by new truths. The idea of what is known is absolute is an important premise upon which entire belief systems are built. Wittgenstein, when he wrote about the theory of hinge propositions that ended up on a consolidated volume called On Certainty, he was searching for a way to eliminate scepticism from the general belief systems that exist within philosophy. Although the theory of hinge propositions appears to have a solution for the subject of scepticism, the idea that there can be ‘knowns’ has been historically refuted, changing the world view and the position of human beings through profound changes which prove that absolutes are not always absolutely true and are dependent upon cultural belief systems. There are many problems with the exploration that Wittgenstein has made on the concept of hinge propositions. In his search for an answer for scepticism, he made copious notes on the topic which is what have been put together in order to create the volume of work that is known as On Certainty. Moyal-Sharrock criticizes it as not being a work because it was never composed into a true book or volume, but rather it is a group of notes that are not well organized and they were never polished. Still, they have a thematic continuity that allows for an overall impression of the thoughts that Wittgenstein was having about certainty without the benefit of cohesion created by placing them together to form theoretical foundations.1 Prichard goes on to discuss how Wittgenstein is not trying to highlight something that is not accessible but is trying to shed light on what is familiar, creating a discourse on the nature of language and the way it is not only an activity, but a form of life. Language only has value as it is in use.2 How humans express their lives and what they know is centr al to creating socialization and culture, giving meaning and frameworks within which a certainty of knowing develops and creates a foundation for other theories and belief systems. Theory of Hinge Propositions The last year and a half of Ludwig Wittgenstein’s life produced a series of writing on philosophy that proposed great number ideas about the concept of what is known. As an example, Wittgenstein established that he knows that he has one hand and that he also has another. He established that â€Å"the earth existed a long time before my birth† as an assertion that this was another concept that was known (OC Preface). His purpose in bringing forward the ideas that seem so simple as truths was to create an awareness that there are always ideas that are a given and are the basis upon which theory is built. He states â€Å"That is to say, it belongs to the logic of our scientific investigations that certain things are in deed not in doubt† (OC  §342). He uses the idea of the hinge as a way to define what he means. He states â€Å"If I want the door to turn, the hinges must stay put† (OC  §343). In order to create inquiry, there are stabilities in belief that are maintained to make those theories work. There are absolutes that create a sense of stability upon which the world operates, those beliefs creating a solid platform from which to situate all other belief systems, some of which must then take leaps based

Daughter from Danang Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Daughter from Danang - Essay Example Significantly, the film effectively deals with cross-cultural conflicts through the protagonist who returns to Vietnam as an adult to meet her birth mother, where she is able to discover the fundamental elements of the cross-cultural conflicts. One important component of the cross-cultural conflicts is revealed by â€Å"Operation Babylift†, the Ford administration plan by which Hiep is sent to the U.S. The documentary film convincingly unfolds cultural differences and cultural shock in the reunion of a mother and daughter after 22 years. In this riveting film, the cultural differences and the impact of culture on family structure and dynamics become evident through the experience of the protagonist who undertakes a vital journey from the Vietnam War to Pulaski, Tennessee, and back to Vietnam. It is fundamental to maintain that the protagonist lacks a thorough understanding of the cultural differences, cross-cultural conflicts, family structure and dynamics, etc. and this is at the center of the issues cropping up in the reunion of Heidi and Kim. Most essentially, the reunion between Heidi and Kim rapidly develops tension and misunderstanding, in place of their hopes and expectations.

Describe the history of building construction changes in the context Research Paper

Describe the history of building construction changes in the context of fire safety and prevention. What are examples of major c - Research Paper Example It is important that the fire safety professionals and the fire fighters of today continue to look back on these horrifying tragedies and remember what valuable lessons were learned from these fires, and also remember at what cost those lessons came. The deadliest fire in Chicago history occurred in the Iroquois theater, on December 30, 1903. The reportedly fireproof building had been open a mere five weeks before the scenery caught fire on a reflector. An attempt to bring down the fire safety door, a stage curtain made of asbestos, failed, and the panicked cast fled out the back. The draft from the stage door caused an explosion of flames on the stage that immediately combusted much of the seating area. In the ensuing rush to the exits, 602 people were killed, many of them from being crushed against locked exit doors or exit doors that opened to the inside of the theater (Eastland Memorial Society, n.d.) As a result of the theater fire, Chicago mayor Harrison closed over one hundred and seventy theaters, dance halls, churches, and other large gathering spaces for re-inspection for compliance with building codes. Many of the fire codes had been ignored in the construction of the Iroquois Theater due to bribes given to local governmental officials. Mayor Harrison was determined that this practice would not be allowed to continue. New laws and codes were passed that required marked fire exits, clear exit paths, and doors that opened outward instead of into the line of travel. Additionally, any new theaters had to be equipped with a steel fire curtain for the stage to prevent failure of the type that occurred with the asbestos curtain at the Iroquois Theater (Eastland Memorial Society, n.d.) Another Chicago tragedy was the school fire at Our Lady of Angels on December 1, 1958. The building had a brick exterior and completely wooden interior, and a roof that had been waxed with petroleum-based products. The building had only one fire exit, which to be reached requi red traveling through the main corridor, negating its purpose. The fire alarms were mounted deliberately out of reach of the children in the building to prevent mischief and, regardless, were not designed to alert the fire department when activated. The fire started in the basement dumpster, allegedly by a ten year old student at the school, then ignited a nearby staircase. The combustion of the stairwell released gases, heat, smoke, and flames onto the second floor, as the second floor exit to the stairwells lacked a fire door, unlike the first floor exits to the same staircases. Many of the children were killed by jumping or falling out the second-story windows after the center corridor filled with flames and the escape route was blocked. The final death toll was ninety-two children and three teaching nuns (Morgan, n.d.). Disturbingly, the building had passed a fire safety inspection just a few weeks before the incident. It had met all fire codes at the time of its construction, a nd Chicago fire code did not require that existing structures retrofit equipment to meet newer standards. As a result of the disaster, fire codes affecting schools were changed across the country to make schools safer, including such reforms as exterior fire escapes and fire alarms that rang in local fire departments (Morgan, 2001). Another

Divorce Separation Children

Divorce Separation Children Divorce is the separation of husband and wife after being legally married. Most times the divorce process is very painful to the couples, but the most affected are the children who lack the mechanism to fully comprehend the basis of their parents separation. This paper is going to look at the effects of this process depending on the age of the child. Introduction The separation of a husband and wife in a divorce situation can have serious and devastating effects not only for the separating couples but to the children as well. Often times the divorcing couples are too consumed with their own emotional burdens to clearly understand the trauma the divorce causes to the children. Children seemingly bear the brunt of the separation especially psychologically. (Emery, R. E., 96) However, not all divorces end up hurting children. Children in an abusive and violent marriage may in fact be spared much of the physiological torture if the parents just separated. Thus divorce can sometimes be a welcome process for the well being of the children. (Emery, R. E., 126) Various studies have in fact indicated that some children actually thrive better after being brought up in a divorce environment. Children become more responsible and loving especially because they are raised by a single parent. However, it is critical to note that the negative effects much more outweigh the positive effects. (Emery, R. E., 46) So, how are children affected by divorce? Sociologists, psychologists and other researchers have continued to study out this question and sometimes it has generated so much controversy. But all agree that indeed divorce most often times is not good for children especially when the family unit is put at risk. Studies have continued to show that children equate divorce to the pain of death of one of the parent. The experience itself brings great loss, sadness, grief and in many cases confusion to the affected children. Children may also end up blaming themselves for what has happened and tend to think that parents do not love them any more. (Emery, R. E.,123) Research world over has continued to indicate that the effects of divorce differ because of various factors; depends on the age of the child at the time of divorce, gender and personality of the child, the level of family/friends support and the extent of the conflict between the parents Age of children Divorce does not have any serious effects on children less than 3 years. Children below this age might not have the opportunity to understand conflict and might not have developed so much of a serious relationship with one of the parents. Nevertheless, if the relationship had established a bond, it may have some short-term effects. The only thing that might affect these children is the low mood and energy level of the parent albeit for a short while. This effect may be characterized by appetite lose, or upset stomach including vomiting. (Emery, R. E., 132) Children between 3-5 years are in a position to understand conflict and divorce will have an obvious effect on their well-being. Children at this age end up believing that they are the cause of the divorce, and blame themselves for it. For example they might reason out that if they ate their dinner or obeyed when told to do so, daddy wouldnt have left. The children at this age fear being left alone and would behave like toddlers by unknowingly wetting their beds, wanting their security blankets and old toys. They may end up being depressed, angry and uncooperative. They may also resort to aggressive and disobedient behavior. (Emery, R. E., 135) Children at the age of 6-10 years are school-age children. Many psychologists believe that this is the worst age where the effects of divorce are felt. Children at this age have the capacity to understand the pain brought about by the separation of the parents. However, they lack the capability to understand how to control their reactions to the pain caused. (Emery, R. E., 142) The school-aged children may experience severe psychological turmoil like embarrassment, grief, resentment, divided loyalty and at times intense anger. They may also feel rejected by the leaving parent and have cases of stomachaches and headaches. These children can cope easily with the situation if they get involved actively with play and other activities with their peers (Emery, R. E., 145) Children aged between 10-16 are already pre-teens or teens and are now adolescents. They are in a position to understand the reasons leading up to the divorce. This is because they can easily remember the stress and conflict preceding such a divorce. Such ability to remember may at the some time interfere with the capability to handle the changes that occur in the family. (Emery, R. E., 155) The teen may also be faced with emotional strain because of the pressure of trying to side with one parent as opposed to the other. This would involve faulting one parent over the other as the sole cause for the divorce. (Emery, R. E., 156) At this age they are likely to experience anger, depression, loneliness and guilt. They also end up taking various responsibilities to fill in the gap the parent has left. Such responsibilities would include house chores and caring for other siblings. This may make them feel pushed to adult-hood. Some in response to the low energy and high stress levels from the parent may want to take control of the family. The teens at this time also would be undergoing various sexual changes and may get affected because of lack of parental support. (Emery, R. E., 159) Witnessing the pain of divorce may also have serious implication on the teens perception on how well they would stay in a marriage in the future. (Emery, R. E., 159) Gender effects Various research findings have revealed that gender of the child plays a significant role on the effects of divorce on the respective children. It has been seen that boys raised by their fathers and girls raised by their mothers do better than vice versa. Boys of school age, who live with their fathers, seem to be less aggressive and have low emotional problems compared to boys living with their mothers who lack any contact with the fathers. (Emery, R. E., 164) On the other hand, girls raised by their mothers seem to be more responsible and mature than those ones raised by the fathers. (Emery, R. E., 164) Conclusion All said and done divorce has devastating and traumatic effects on the children. However the society at large has the responsibility of making it easier for the children. When parents are well supported through the divorce process especially how to incorporate the children can play a major role to alleviate serious implications. The most important thing for the children would be to adjust to the changes and the quality of child-parent relationship would come in handy Works Cited Emery, R. E. (1988): Marriage, divorce and childrens adjustments. Newbury Park,CA:Sage.

Themes of Hopelessness in Herman Melville’s Bartleby the Scrivener Essa

We can never be one hundred percent certain of the validity of our literary analyses. This is especially the case with Herman Melville’s â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†. Critics have been trying for decades to make sense of the text and most will describe it as â€Å"inscrutable†. I don’t claim to know better than the critics, but instead offer my own interpretation of the work. Based on my observations and analysis, Melville’s use of many elements in his story—first and foremost the character of Bartleby, but also the dead letters, the many walls of Wall Street, and the state of Wall Street itself—works well to develop a sense of hopelessness, whether intentional or not, in the story as well as the narrator and consequently the reader. This hopelessness could stem from a number of influences, such as a certain â€Å"incurable disorder† which some critics would argue is schizophrenia (Wilson), the quality of human futility in gene ral, or the capitalist society in which Melville’s characters’ lives play out. In order to understand Bartleby’s influence on the hopeless atmosphere of the story, we must first understand the character of Bartleby and how he differs greatly from the others. Bartleby is described as having a â€Å"cadaverously gentlemanly nonchalance† (1096) and being solitary, friendless and lonely; â€Å"like a very ghost† (1095). Mitchell, in his critical essay, also observes that â€Å"Bartleby seems incapable of recognizing the possibility of hope.† (Mitchell) Finally, Bartleby is apathetic and whenever something is requested of him he simply replies â€Å"I would prefer not to.† The lawyer, on the other hand is intensely focused on the values of Wall Street such as money, productivity and usefulness. Bartleby proves a great frustration to the lawye... ...y not know the cause of Bartleby's suffering, but he does know that Bartleby's despair can lead only to death† (Mitchell). Works Cited Inge, M Thomas. Bartleby the Inscrutable: A Collection of Commentary on Herman Melville’s Tale â€Å"Bartleby the Scrivener†. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, 1979. Print. Wilson, James C. â€Å"’Bartleby’: The Walls of Wall Street.† Arizona Quarterly 37.4 (Winter 1981): 335-346. Literature Resource Center. Web. 13 April 2015. Mitchell, Thomas R. â€Å"Dead Letter and Dead Men: Narrative Purpose in ‘Bartleby, the Scrivener.’.† Studies in Short Fiction. 27.3 (Summer 1990): 329-338. Literature Resource Center. Web. 13 April 2015. Weinstock, Jeffrey Andrew. â€Å"Doing Justice to Bartleby† ATQ: A Journal of American Nineteenth Century Literature and Culture n.s. 17.1 (March 2003): 23-42. Literature Resource Center. Web. 13 April 2015.

Adult Attachment Styles and Romantic Relationships Essay

In 1987, the Attachment Theory extended to include the bonds between adults and their romantic partners; the extension includes the concept of the secure, the anxious-preoccupied, the dismissive-avoidant, and the fearful-avoidant attachment styles. Current research, in the form of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, predicts adults exhibit attachment styles during the forming, maintenance, and separation process. The research utilized the experiences in close relationships inventory and the relationship maintenance questionnaire to find their conclusion. The findings concluded the association among the adult attachment features like closeness, safe haven, and secure base develop over time during the forming, maintenance, and separation process. In addition, the conclusion display the effectiveness of both clinical and non clinical exposure treatments in the growth and preservation of the secure attachment style behaviors utilized in romantic relationships. Keywords: attachment styles, romantic relationships, partners, adults, secure, insecure Adult Attachment Styles and Romantic Relationships More than half of the world’s adults are involved in a romantic relationship. The most common romantic relationship includes the sexual dating relationship, the domestic partnership, or the marriage. The adults or partners involved in these relationships inevitably reach a point of conflict. How the relationship partners react to the conflict displays whether the partners are acting as a securely attached person or an insecurely attached person. The securely attached adult portrays a happy person when dealing with relationship issues. Whereas, an insecurely attached adult is an unhappy person when dealing with relationship issues. Adults should strive for the secure attachment style for the best satisfaction level, commitment level, and ability to adapt to change in their romantic relationship. Background In 1952, John Bowlby originally designed the Attachment Theory to explain the bond between a child and people serving in the caregiver capacity (Feldman, 2011). Many theorists began noticing attachment influences the entire human experience. In 1987, Cindy Hazan and Philip Shaver officially applied  Bowlby’s views on attachment to include the bonds between adults and their romantic partners (Nudson-martin, 2012). Hazan and Shaver viewed attachment in adult romantic relationships as a powerful part of an adult’s emotional life, and many of the most secure and insecure behaviors arise during the maintenance of the romantic relationship. Hazan and Shaver noticed the behavioral patterns between a child and its caregiver was similar to the behavioral pattern between an adult and its romantic partner. Similarities like a desire to be close to the attachment figure and using the relationship as a safe haven to explore the world; consequently, Hazan and Shaver used Bowlbyâ₠¬â„¢s concept of attachment styles to categorize the behavioral patterns adults display in different stages of their romantic relationships (Pittman, 2012). Hazan and Shaver developed four adult attachment styles, secure and three insecure types. The adult attachment styles they developed are the secure, the anxious-preoccupied, the dismissive-avoidant, and the fearful-avoidant. The first attachment style is the secure type which corresponds with the secure attachment style in children. The secure adult is warm a responsive in their interactions with their romantic relationship partner. Secure attached adults tend to have positive views of themselves, their partner, and their relationship. The securely attached adult fells comfortable with intimacy and independence. Their relationships are characterized by greater longevity, satisfaction, trust, commitment, and interdependence (Mikulincer *& Shaver, 2012) Secure adults have a tendency to be more satisfied in their relationships than insecure adults. The first insecure attachment style is the anxious-preoccupied, which corresponds to the anxious-ambivalent attachment style in children. The anxious-preoccupied adult seeks high levels of intimacy, approval, and responsiveness from their romantic relationship partner. The anxious-preoccupied adult values intimacy so much they become overly dependent on their relationship partners. They do not value themselves, and blame themselves for their partner’s lack of resp onsiveness. People who are anxious or preoccupied with attachment may exhibit high levels of emotional expressiveness, worry, and impulsiveness in their relationships (Mikulincer & Shaver, 2012). The anxious-preoccupied person is clingy and has low self esteem. Low self esteem and impulsiveness is likely to lead to depression or suicide. The second insecure attachment style is  the dismissive-avoidant, which corresponds to the avoidant attachment style in children. The dismissive-avoidant adult desires a high level of independence from themselves and their relationship partner. They view themselves as self-sufficient, invulnerable to feelings associated with being closely attached to their partner, and close relationships as relatively unimportant. The dismissive-avoidant adult tends to avoid intimacy because their partner is less important. An adult with a dismissive-avoidant attachment style tends to suppress and hide their feelings (Juhl, Sands, & Routledge, 2012). The dismissive-avoidant style is characteristic of young male adults in the dating stage (Poulsen, Holman, Busby, & Carroll, 2013); the young male experiences the lack of responsiveness and the carelessness of other’s feelings. The dismissive-avoidant adult lacks responsiveness and is an ego-maniac. Being, an ego-maniac is likely to lead to dissatisfaction with everyone else. The third insecure attachment style is the fearful-avoidant, which also corresponds to the avoidant attachment style in children. The fearful-avoidant adult usually has experienced some type of emotional or physical abuse, and in turn do not trust their romantic relationship partners. The fearful-avoidant adult experiences mixed feelings. On one hand, they desire to have emotionally close relationships. On the other hand, they tend to feel uncomfortable with emotional closeness. These mixed feelings are combined with, an unconscious view of themselves as unworthy of responsiveness and trust from their partner, and the reverse is true (Juhl et al, 2012). The fearful-avoidant attachment style is also typical of the adults in the remarriage stage (Ehrenberg, Roberts & Pringle, 2012); the divorcee experiences the mixed feelings and the lack of trust. A mix of the other two insecure attachment styles, the fearful-avoidant adult has low self esteem and lacks responsiveness. Discussion The secure, anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant and fearful-avoidant attachment styles share both commonalities and differences. The issue of desiring a romantic relationship is common in the secure, anxious-preoccupied, and sometimes in the fearful-avoidant attachment styles, this meaning these attachment styles lend toward satisfaction in romantic relationships. While the dismissive-avoidant attached adult does  not have the same feelings. Also, the desire to be in a relationship leads to the adult wanting to commit and faces; the adults desires to be in a relationship no matter what happens in the future. The issue of having low self esteem is a common problem in the anxious –preoccupied and fearful-avoidant attachment styles. The low self esteem arises when the adult feels there are unworthy of their partner’s intimacy. Due to this fact, the adults displaying these styles are less sociable. In this case, the adults with low self esteem have low satisfaction w ith themselves, which in turn leads to low satisfaction in their romantic relationship. The low self esteem adult can not fully commit, and can not endure changes. Their own issues lead to them not trusting the commitment and changes displayed by their partner. Additionally, there are commonalities in the issue of responsiveness or responding to the partner when they feel anxiety. The responsiveness issues are a part of all the attachment styles, however responsiveness can range from zero percent to one hundred percent. The zero percent is the dismissive-avoidant attachment style, and the one hundred percent is the secure attachment style. The lack of responsiveness leads to the adult not caring about the outcome or commitment level of the romantic relationship. In addition, the adult that lacks responsiveness does not care about the changes that are likely to arise. A way for researchers to find an adult’s desire to be in a relationship, self esteem, and responsiveness is the strange situation. The strange situation is an observational technique to judge the partners attachment style (Selcuk, Zayas, & Hazan, 2010). The strange situation looks at the secure base and the safe haven. The partner and the relationship are the secure base and safe haven, respectively. The strange situation technique can also be used to change an insecure adult to a secure adult, once they are aware of their attachment style. Adults who appear secure in the strange situation, for example, tend to have a partner who is responsive to them. On the other hand, adults that display one of the insecure attachment styles in the strange situation has a partner who is insensitive to their needs, or inconsistent or rejecting in the love they provide (Edenfield, Adams, & Briihl, 2012). Essentially during the strange situation, the adult asks themselves the following fundamental question: Is the partner nearby, accessible, and attentive? If the answer is â€Å"yes,† he or she feels loved, secure, and confident. Behaviorally, the adult is likely to leave their secure base and be sociable with their partner and others. However, the answer is â€Å"no,† the adult experiences anxiety, visual searching , active following, and vocal signaling .These behaviors continue until either the adult is able to reestablish a desirable level of physical or psychological proximity to the partner , or until the adult whines down. The anxiety behavior displayed is similar to those experienced during separation or loss (Heffernan, Fraley, Vickary & Brumbaugh, 2012). Similar questioning to the strange situation is asked in the experiences in close relationships inventory (ECR), and the relationship maintenance questionnaire (RM). Questions about the desire to be in a romantic relationship, and the likely behaviors displayed in that relationship marks the inventory and questionnaire) Edenfield et al, 2012). The ECR and the RM can be used to predict whether the relationship partner is securely attached or i nsecurely attached. The research findings from the strange situation, the ECR, and the RM combined with the finding closeness, safe haven, and secure base occur over time developed effective clinical and non clinical exposure treatments. In this case, the insecurely attached adult can choose to be treated in a clinic or in the home close to the safe haven. In either case the use of adaptive skills will be utilized. Additionally, using adaptive skills will move an insecurely attached adult to and securely attached adult. Adaptive skills are skills a romantic partner uses in reaction to their partner’s behaviors. Adaptive skills promote emotionally available and appropriately responsive partners, as well as a partner capable of regulating both his and her positive and negative emotions (Feldman, 2011). The insecurely attach adult will utilize adaptive skills to counter act the other partner’s insecure behavior, in a way to exhibit secure attachment. Conclusion and future directions In conclusion, most adults are in a romantic relationship, and behave and react in the relationship. Due to this fact, the adult gains either secure or insecure attachment to their romantic partner. The securely attached adult is warm and responsive to the ideals of commitment and their ability to adapt well to changes they will face in a romantic relationship. Additionally, the securely attached person displays increased levels of satisfaction in their romantic relationship. Romantic relationships having  one or both partners exhibiting insecure attachment style, will find moving to a secure attachment beneficial to their romantic relationship. Especially, in the areas of satisfaction, commitment, and the different changes. The insecurely attached partners will find using adaptive skills in both clinical and non clinical exposure treatments helpful in developing a secure attachment. The most useful is experiencing long-tern exposure to the secure attachment style in the home. In t he future, the concept can be applied to the area of work and higher education. Adults experience long term relationships with colleagues and professors. References Edenfield, J. L., Adams, K. S., & Briihl, D. S. (2012) Relationship Maintenance Strategy Used by Romantic Attachment style. North American Journal of Psychology, 14)1), pp 149. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.co,m.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/927903917 Ehrenberg, M. F., Roberts, M., & Pringle, J. (2012). Attachment Style and Marital Commitment in the Context of Remarriage. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 53(3), pp 204-219. doi: 10. 1080/10502556.2012.663270 Feldman, R. S. (2011). Development across the Lifespan. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: McGraw-Hill. Heffernan, M. E., Fraley, R. C., Vicary, A. M., & Brumbaugh, C. C. (2012). Attachment Features and Functions in Adult Relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 29(5), pp 671-693. doi: 10.1177/0265407512443435 Juhl, J., Sand, E. C., & Routledge, C. (2012). the Effects of Nostalgia and Avoidant Attachment on Relationship Satisfaction and Relationship Motives. Journal of Social and Personal Relationship s, 29(5), pp 661-670. doi: 10.1177/0265407512443433 Mikulincer, M & Shaver, P. R. (2012). Adult Attachment Orientations and Relationship Processes. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 4(4), pp 259-274. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1756-2589.2012.00142.x Nudson-Martin, C. (2012). Attachment in Adult Relationships: a Feminist Perspective. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 4(4), pp. 299-305. doi: 10. 1111/j.1756-2589.2012.00141.x Pittman, J. F. (2012). Attachment Orientations: A Boon to Family Theory and Review. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 4(4), pp 306-310. doi: 10.1111/j.1756-2589.2012.00133.x Poulsen, F. O., Holman, T. B., Busby, D. M., & Carroll, J. S. (2013). Physical Attraction, Attachment Styles, and Dating Development. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(3), pp 301-319. doi: 10.1177/0265407512456673 Selcuk, E., Zayas, V.., & Hazan, C. (2010). Marital Satisfaction: The Role of Attachment in Marital Function. Journal of Family Theory and Review, 2(4), pp 258-259. doi: 10. 1111/j.1756-2589.2010.00061.x

Utilizing Newspaper Advertisem essays

Utilizing Newspaper Advertisem essays The 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s are often considered three of the most controversial, radical, and progressive decades in American history. Many politically, socially, and economically vital events took place during these eras that forever transformed America and its citizens. However, while domestic and global catastrophes such as the Great Depression and World War II enabled certain minorities, such as women, to achieve limited social progresses (temporarily increasing their number in the work force and higher wages), it also provided an opportunity for the society to reinforce traditional perceptions of women. One medium in which this notion is clearly exhibited is in newspaper advertisements. After systematically analyzing several newspaper advertisements from the nationally distributed newspaper, the Saturday Evening Post, from three different decades, separated from one another by exactly ten years starting with 1925, the pitch and language used in these advertisements seemed t o support the idea that despite the historical events that occurred during these time periods, mainstream advertisements consistently reinforced Americas conservative belief that a proper womans place was still in the home taking care of her children and performing domestic tasks. The 1920s, also known as the Roaring Twenties, produced an era of prosperity and well being as the result of the second industrial revolution in manufacturing. Yet, contrary to this popular depiction, Americas increased wealth during this time was not equally distributed among its people: Amid prosperity and progress, there were large pockets of the country that lagged behind. Advances in real income and improvements in the standard of living for workers and farmers were uneven at best. During the 1920s one-quarter of all American workers were employed in agriculture, yet the farm sector failed to share in the general prosperity (...

Aging in America Adult Caregiving Conflict essay

Aging in America Adult Caregiving Conflict essay Aging in America: Adult Caregiving Conflict essay Aging in America: Adult Caregiving Conflict essayThe population of our planet is aging rapidly: every second, two people in the world celebrate their sixtieth birthday. Over the past 30 years, the population aged 60 and older has doubled, while by 2050 its share is expected to double again (UNESC, 2012). According to The National Alliance for Caregiving data (2009), persons aged 65 or older make 13% of the United States population, and this figure may grow up to 19% already by 2030. The growing number of elderly people is explained by the improved quality of health care, intensive progress of medicine, advances in health surveillance, as well as expanding access to education and economic prosperity. The opportunity to live a long life is obviously a triumph of human development, however, the rapid aging of population brings with it many new challenges, one of which is the necessity to provide adequate caregiving for the elderly people.In its essence, aging is quite a natural, gradual extinction of the work of all human organs and systems, including nervous. The transformation in the psyche affect the behavior, prevent an elderly person from coping with life challenges, reduce flexibility and mental alertness, give rise to a predisposition toward conservatism and idealization of the past. In some cases, specific conditions get attached, including intellectual impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, which significantly complicates the lives of both care recipients and caregivers. Misunderstanding of the processes that occur in the body of their old relative or friend generates many conflicts in caregivers, while assuming an obligation to care for an elderly person always has an open-ended term. At the same time, in contrast to children who, with very few exceptions, exchange parent care for independent personal life, over the years, the elderly often become even more and more dependent on those who care for them. Further, in this paper we will review recent re searches on inner caregiving conflicts to understand their nature, underlying reasons, as well as major consequences.Identifying caregivers: gender, intergenerational and interfamily relationsToday, caregivers generally make up to 29% of the U.S. adult population (The National Alliance for Caregiving, 2009), while 43.5 million adult caregivers care for someone aged older that 50, and about 15 million care for someone who has Alzheimer’s disease or other dementia (Alzheimer’s Association, 2011). Among them, 68% are female caregivers, averagely aged 48 (The National Alliance for Caregiving, 2009). Indeed, a number of researches (Holstein et al., 2010; Kramer Thompson, 2002; Lahaie et al., 2013) state that male caregivers are less prone to providing personal care, while Lee and Tang (2013) study suggests that the situation may change in the nearest future due to a variety of newly emergent social and demographic factors. Thus, Lee and Tang (2013) confirmed that contempor ary men are sharing more caregiving tasks than a decade ago, still, according to Lahaie et al. (2013) women still bear the key burden of care. In particular, the comparison of caregiving tasks performed by men and women in elderly married couples shows that 24% of husbands helped their wives to get dressed compared to 28% of female caregivers, and only 16% of husbands helped with bathing versus 30% of wives (Lahaie et al., 2013; p. 254-56). Other studies (Brannen Petite, 2008; Brank Wylie, 2014; The National Alliance for Caregiving, 2009) have also demonstrated that about 36% of female caregivers handle the most difficult caregiving tasks (e.g., bathing and toileting) compared to 24% of male caregivers, who, in their turn, are more inclined to help with household budget, arrange care or even hire assistance. Generally, according to Lee and Tang (2013), female caregivers also show to spend more time providing care (21.9 hours per week vs. 17.4 by male caregivers).A number of studie s also signify the influence of age differences on the type and degree of conflict experiences by comparing the quality of care provided in intergenerational and intermarriage relations. In particular, many elderly spouses show greater sincerity in helping one another, and according to Kwak et al. (2012) reports, are satisfied with much more areas of their lives, compared with their adult children. Their emotional investment makes them feel more involved, but at the same time less burdened. They also rarely put their spouse in a rest home, in comparison to what adult children would prefer to do.Meanwhile, as it was marked above in Kramer and Thompson (2002) and Lahaie et al. (2013) research, wives typically experience greater responsibility for performing caregiving tasks than their husbands, while, a recent study by Lee and Tang (2013) found that husbands who face the role of caregivers showed higher levels of anxiety than women, possibly due to the fact that they were less familia r with this role. Perhaps for the same reason a portion of husbands in research showed to feel satisfaction as now they get an opportunity to reward their wives for all the care they received from them in the past. In contrast, wives who have spent a lifetime caring for children and elderly parents may experience the state of anger and resentment, having found themselves in a position where they must once again take responsibility on their shoulders (Lahaie et al., 2013; Brannen Petite, 2008; Lee Tang, 2013).Indeed, practice reveals that facing caregiving for the elderly parents, adult daughters, at least in the US population samples, feel a greater sense of duty to provide care and take on a caregiver’s role, then adult sons and adult daughters’ own husbands. Suffering a deep role conflict, â€Å"women in the middle†, as Kramer and Thompson (2002) defined them, are often unable to perform professional and family duties properly to combine them with the intens ive care provision. As a consequence, adult caregiving daughters more often leave their jobs to take care of their parents and start paying less attention to their husbands (Lahaie et al., 2013; Brannen Petite, 2008; Lee Tang, 2013).Another painful intergenerational family conflict includes sibling rivalry issues, when one of the siblings refuses to care for the elderly parent, criticizes the caregiver, or generates strained connections. The cause of sibling friction consists in reviving old relationship patterns and unresolved childhood tensions, sharpened by the newly created pressure of caregiving responsibility. In this case, according to Willyard et al. (2008), adult children start replaying their historical family roles and long forgotten dynamics of competition for parent’s attention. Besides, tensions may intensify in cases when one sibling is unable to accept the reality of parents’ aging problems, and thus distances from caregiving involvement. As a result, typically, only one sibling takes the leading role in care giving, which, however, may depend on non-family-related factors, such as closeness to parents’ house, absence of work and own family (Willyard et al., 2008, p. 1678). Regardless of the reasons, this conflict can lead to situation where one sibling is highly overburdened and the other one feels left out.In this perspective, intergenerational caregiving is found to become less stressful if the caregiving adult has a life partner. According to Bialon and Coke (2012) studies, married caregivers receive greater support and are less likely to suffer from depression than those without a partner. Besides, comparing families where caregivers were living with their elderly parents and families living separately, Brank and Wylie (2014) found that in the latter case the intergenerational partnership was significantly more strained, while those living together considered their caregiving activities natural.However, having applie d multi-factor models, experts (Brank Wylie, 2014; Bialon Coke, 2012; Holstein et al., 2010; Kwak et al., 2012; Willyard et al., 2008) came up to the common conclusion that it is insignificant who is providing care in particular, the elderly wife, husband, adult daughter or son. Instead, it is much more important to know the extent of the emotional connection between the caregiver and care recipient, and the approximate balance of one’s inquiries and resources in the key areas of life including physical, household and social spheres, employment status and financial position, as well as which particular costs are paid by caregiver’s sacrifice.Aging in America: Adult Caregiving Conflict essay   part 2

Research two of the best companies to work for in America Essay

Research two of the best companies to work for in America - Essay Example Both Google and Boston consulting group have things that make them great employers: things like industry leading salaries and care packages, a spirit of hiring from within, good job growth and so forth. Boston Consulting Group even hired its largest crop of new recruits ever in the year 2010, showing that even in the midst of serious economic downturn it is able to promise strong job growth. Google’s revenue continues to grow as well, with its search business and Android platform on mobile devices. That, along with a relatively small pool of employees leaves a large pool of money that allows both companies to spread a great deal of money and benefits to its employees while still remaining profitable. What makes both companies better than any other, however, is the x factor that can’t be quantified. For Google this x-factor is largely the corporate culture, a corporate culture that values innovation, forces its employees to take time to do something that does not relate to their jobs every day to keep them sharp, and allows new ideas to percolate. Boston Consulting Group has a very different type of x-factor. Boston Consulting, as an employer, has one of the greatest commitments to social issues of any company in the country. It has a network set up to do so, called Social Impact Practice Network, which allows its workers to pursue projects in conjunction with the UN world Food Program and Save the Children; furthermore, BCN removed its employees from projects they were working on to give on-the-ground support in Haiti following the earthquake that devastated the country (CNN Money). It is almost impossible to actually determine what the two best employers in the country are. Every year, Forbes publishes a list of the best employers in the country. Each one of those companies has top-notch wages, good job growth in both hourly and salaried workers, and many different kinds of benefits for its employees. In all of these realms, both Boston

Events that Led to the Revolutionary War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Events that Led to the Revolutionary War - Essay Example Their combined population now exceeded 1,500,000-a six fold increase since 1700 (Greene, 1987). The implications of the physical growth of the colonies were far greater than mere numerical increase would indicate. By the mid-eighteenth century, as the pre-American Revolutionary War was raging on, many Americans had a change of heart and mind with respect to their attitudes about the mother country. As the French and Indian war was coming to a close, and the period of salutary neglect was flourishing, there was a profound shift in American's feelings. The Americans started to become infuriated with England, and wanted their freedom to life, liberty, and property without interference. The zeitgeist, or "spirit of the times," included the far-reaching period of salutary neglect and the conclusion of the French and Indian War. Salutary neglect refers to the state of Anglo-American relations before the end of the French and Indian War. British Parliament did not interfere in the government of the colonies during this time, and America existed in relative political isolation. Britain was the mother country; however, Britain was looked upon as a lenient and easygoing parent, not interfering with its child's (America's) decisions. Many Americans even took pride in the mother country, and respected and honored it as their legacy. "For the great majority of Americans who still spoke of England as 'home' even though they had never been there, being English meant having a history that stretched back continuously into a golden age of Anglo-Saxton purity and freedom." Britain served as the mercantilist dominating country, and not a monarchy over America. Britain helped America's trade; and, as far as many colonists thought, America was just an extension of England itself. Initially, before the change in attitude toward England occurred, the Americans did not even want independence. They merely wanted to be treated justly under English law. When the Stamp Act was passed in 1765, colonists did not believe that this "internal taxation without representation" was abiding by the law. They thought this was unjust and wrong. As Benjamin Franklin tried to point out to England, America was pretty much exclusively opposed to internal taxes. He made England believe that the colonists were more likely to comply with external or "indirect" taxes. However, the Stamp Act, one of the first direct taxes on the American people, caused the most uproar, and foreshadowed what was to come within the next two decades. Down to 1763, Great Britain had formulated no consistent policy for her colonial possessions. The guiding principle was the confirmed mercantilist view that colonies should supply the mother country with raw materials and not compete in manufacturing. But policy was poorly enforced, and the colonies had never thought of themselves as subservient. Rather, they considered themselves chiefly as commonwealths or states, much like England herself, having only a loose association with authorities in London. At infrequent intervals, sentiment in

Ten Socio-Psychological Motivation that can be satisfide by a Tourist Research Paper

Ten Socio-Psychological Motivation that can be satisfide by a Tourist Visiting Fiji - Research Paper Example Tourists are motivated to travel because of different issues. This essay analyses the socio-psychological motivators that make tourists travel to their various destination. Our destination that we will focus on is the country of Fiji and we will indicate how each of these socio-psychological needs is satisfied in the country of Fiji with use of various pictures. 2.0 Republic of Fiji This is an island nation found in South Pacific Ocean. It is located in Melanesia. It is bordered by several countries like Vanuatu, New Caledonia, Tonga and Samoas. It covers an area of 194,000 square kilometres and a population of around 78,000. It is a country with several islands to be estimated to be more than 332 and only 106 are uninhabited. It has abundance of minerals forests and fish resources. One of the main sources of income of the country is tourism industry. It also enjoys a source of foreign exchange from sugar exports. Fiji is renown of its ability to build the finest vessels of pacific. It has four major divisions those are central, eastern, northern and western. They are further divided into 14 provinces (Wright, 1986, pp.6-24). 3.0 Tourism in Fiji Tourism is one of major sectors of an economy of countries that have the capability of and luck of participating in it. Fiji supports tourism industry and is thus growing at a faster rate in terms of the number of people employed in tourism industry of around 45000. It is a private driven sector and contributes approximately 25 percent of GDP of the country. It has several holiday opportunities, beautiful beaches and places that allow tropical romance. It has white sand, pristine reefs, lush rainforest and great accommodation facilities. Individuals have embraced diverse culture although they still preserve their indigenous customs. It has good established airline services like Air Pacific, Air Calin, Air New Zealand, Continental Airlines and several more airstrips (Wright, 1986, pp.6-24). They enjoy a variety of sports activities comprising of rugby, golf and several festivals. They are a mixture of Fijians, Chinese, Indians, colonial Europeans and other pacific islanders. They pra ctice their famous culture of fireworks. They have provided necessary transportation services like buses, cars, ferry services and helicopters for hire. Fiji has beautiful sites to host weddings and honeymoons. They also provide wedding packages. One of the colourful islands for tourists is Vanua Levi and Taveuni located in the northern part of Fiji (Derrick, 1951, pp.112-118). Other eye catching sites to see include Savusavu pearl farm and hot springs, Waisali nature reserve

Alcohol Dependence Essay Example for Free

Alcohol Dependence Essay An alcoholic is a man or a woman who suffers from alcoholism they have a distinct physical desire to consume alcohol beyond their capacity to control it, regardless of all rules of common sense. According to Alcoholics Anonymous UK, who say they have no unique definition for alcoholism, it may be described as a physical compulsion, together with a mental obsession. Apart from having an enormous craving for alcohol, an alcoholic often yields to that craving at the worst possible times. The alcoholic knows neither when nor how to stop drinking. Definition an alcoholic is a person, while alcoholism is the illness. An alcoholic suffers from alcoholism. Alcoholism is a long-term (chronic) disease. Alcoholics are obsessed with alcohol and cannot control how much they consume, even if it is causing serious problems at home, work, and financially. Alcohol abuse generally refers to people who do not display the characteristics of alcoholism, but still have a problem with it they are not as dependent on alcohol as an alcoholic is; they have not yet completely lost their control over its consumption. Moderate alcohol consumption will not generally cause any psychological or physical harm. However, for some individuals, social drinking eventually leads to heavier and heavier alcohol consumption, which does cause serious health and psychological problems. Alcoholism in the UK one in every 13 people in the United Kingdom is an alcoholic, according to the NHS (National Health Service) statistics. Even among people who are not dependent on alcohol, a sizeable proportion drink too much. In the USA, 15% of Americans are problem drinkers, while between 5% to 10% of male and 3% to 5% of female drinkers could be diagnosed as alcohol dependent, according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The World Health Organization (WHO) says there are at least 140 million alcoholics in the world; unfortunately, the majority of them are not treated. A US study estimated that about 30% of Americans report having an alcohol disorder at some time in their lives. Alcohol consumption more severely affects women than men, according to a coordinated study carried out by researchers at RTI International, Pavlov Medical University, Leningrad Regional Center of Addictions, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine. A Canadian study found that alcohol is a factor in 1 in 25 deaths worldwide. The British Medical Association says that alcohol kills six people in Scotland every day. The lifetime risk of alcohol-use disorders for men is more than 20%, with a risk of about 15% for alcohol abuse and 10% for alcohol dependence, according to researchers from the University of California, San Diego, USA. Alcohol consumption, when in moderation can have some positive effects on health. Moderate red wine drinking has several health benefits. Researchers at the University of Illinois found that injured patients with alcohol in their blood have a smaller chance of dying in hospital. The researchers said that their findings should not encourage people to drink. What are the symptoms of alcoholism? The signs of alcoholism and alcohol abuse are very similar, and are often just a question of degree or intensity. Typically, the last person to be aware that he/she has a serious drinking problem is the alcoholic himself/herself they are in denial. Some signs and symptoms of alcoholism as well as alcohol abuse include: Drinking alone. Drinking in secret. Not being able to limit how much alcohol is consumed. Blacking out not being able to remember chunks of time. Having rituals and being irritated/annoyed when these rituals are disturbed or commented on. This could be drinks before/during/after meals, or after work. Dropping hobbies and activities the person used to enjoy; losing interest in them. Feeling an urge to drink. Feeling irritable when drinking times approach. This feeling is more intense if the alcohol is not available, or there appears to be a chance it may not be available. Having stashes of alcohol in unlikely places. Gulping drinks down in order to get drunk and then feel good. Having relationship problems (triggered by drinking). Having problems with the law (caused by drinking). Having work problems (caused by drinking, or drinking as root cause). Having money problems (caused by drinking). Requiring a larger quantity of alcohol to feel its effect. Nausea, sweating, or even shaking when not drinking. A person who abuses alcohol may have many of these signs and symptoms but they do not have the withdrawal symptoms like an alcoholic does, nor the same degree of compulsion to drink. The problems linked to alcohol dependence are extensive, and affect the person physically, psychologically and socially. Drinking becomes a compulsion for a person with a drink problem it takes precedence over all other activities. It can remain undetected for several years. drunk man lying on the table with whiskey glass What is binge drinking? In the UK, binge drinking occurs when a man consumes more than eight units of alcohol and a woman consumes over six units in one sitting. Drinking large amounts of alcohol now-and-again is worse for the heath than frequently drinking small quantities. Binge drinking has become a growing problem in many countries, especially in the UK where 40% of emergency hospital admittances are alcohol-related. Sipping wine, beer or spirits three to four times per week increases the risk of binge drinking, particularly among young men, according to a study carried out by researchers from the Universite de Montreal and the University of Western Ontario. Men who drink 22 or more units of alcohol a week have a 20% higher rate of admissions into acute care hospitals than non-drinkers, researchers from the University of Glasgow found. Binge drinking among college students and heart disease researchers from the University of Illinois at Chicago reported in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology that healthy young adults who regularly binge drink may have a higher risk of heart disease later in life. Senior author, Shane A. Phillips and team found that college binge drinkers show damage to blood vessels similar to that caused by high cholesterol and hypertension, both factors linked to heart disease. Phillips said Regular binge drinking is one of the most serious public health problems confronting our college campuses, and drinking on college campuses has become more pervasive and destructive. Binge drinking is neurotoxic and our data support that there may be serious cardiovascular consequences in young adults. What causes alcoholism (alcohol dependence)? Alcohol dependence is a gradual process which can take from a few years to several decades to become a problem with some very vulnerable people addiction can come in a question of months. Eventually, over time, regular alcohol consumption can disrupt the balance of the brain chemical GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), which controls impulsiveness, as well as glutamate, which stimulates the nervous system. Brain levels of dopamine are raised when we consume alcohol dopamine levels may make the drinking experience more gratifying. Over the long- or medium-term, excessive drinking can significantly alter the levels of these brain chemicals, making the persons body crave alcohol in order to feel good and avoid feeling bad. These risk factors may also be linked to excessive drinking: Genes scientists say there are specific genetic factors which may make some people more likely to become addicted to alcohol, as well as other substances. People who have a family history of addiction are at higher risk for abusing alcohol. Alcoholics are six times more likely than nonalcoholic to have blood relatives who are alcohol dependent. Researchers from the Universidad de Granada, Spain, revealed that the lack of endorphin is hereditary, and thus that there is a genetic predisposition to become addicted to alcohol. The age of first alcoholic drink a study found that people who started drinking alcohol before the age of 15 were much more likely to have an alcohol problem later in life. Underage drinking in the USA is common 26. 6% of Americans under the legal age for alcohol consumption are drinking, a new report issued by SAMHSA (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services) informed in a new report. The authors explained that although some progress had been made in the short term to reduce underage drinking, especially among children aged up to 17 years, underage drinking rates are still excessively high in the USA. Of the 12-20 year olds who said they had drunk alcohol during the previous four weeks, 8. 7% had bought it themselves. Pamela S. Hyde, an AMHSA Administrator, said: Underage drinking should not be a normal part of growing up. Its a serious and persistent public health problem that puts our young people and our communities in danger. Even though drinking is often glamorized, the truth is that underage drinking can lead to poor academic performance, sexual assault, injury, and even death. Smoking, especially non-daily smokers A study by Yale University researchers found that non-daily smokers are five times more likely to have a problem with alcohol compared to people who have never smoked. Easy access Experts say there is a correlation between easy access to alcohol (cheap prices) and alcohol abuse and alcohol-related deaths. A US study found a strong link between alcohol tax increases in 1983 and 2002 and a significant drop in deaths related to alcohol use in one American state the effect was found to be nearly two to four times that of other prevention strategies such as school programs or media campaigns. Stress some stress hormones are linked to alcoholism. If our levels of stress, anxiety are high some of us may consume alcohol in an attempt to blank out the upheaval. Military service members returning from Iraq and Afghanistan are likely to experience posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders simultaneously, according to researchers at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Peer drinking people who have friends who drink regularly or abuse alcohol are more likely to drink excessively and eventually have an alcohol problem. Low self-esteem experts say that people with low self-esteem who have alcohol readily available are more likely to abuse it. Depression people with depression may deliberately or unwittingly use alcohol as a means of self-treatment. On the other hand, a statistical modeling study suggested that alcohol abuse may lead to depression risk, rather than vice versa. Media and advertising in some countries alcohol is portrayed as a glamorous, worldly and cool activity. Many experts believe that alcohol advertising and media coverage of it may convey the message that excessive drinking is acceptable. The Royal College of Physicians is asking for a European Union ban on alcohol advertising to protect children. How the body processes (metabolizes) alcohol people who need comparatively more alcohol to achieve an effect have a higher risk of eventually having an alcohol problem, a study carried out by researchers at the University of California, San Diego, found. Ads by Google Liver Damage Symptoms If You Have These 3 Symptoms You May Have Liver Damage. See Now. hearthappy. com 90% Lower Alcohol Craving New Way To Help Drinking Problems. Verified 90% Success Rate! declinol. com Heart Attack Signs? Know the 4 Bodily Signs. Take The Simple Heart Test Now www. simplehearttest. com How is alcoholism diagnosed? In the USA a person must meet the criteria laid out in the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), published by the APA (American Psychiatric Association). This includes a pattern of alcohol abuse which leads to considerable impairment or distress. The patient should experience at least three of the criteria below during the past 12 months: Alcohol tolerance the patient needs a large quantity of alcohol to feel intoxicated. However, when the liver is damaged and cannot metabolize the alcohol so well, this tolerance may drop. Damage to the central nervous system may also reduce tolerance levels. Withdrawal symptoms when the patient abstains from alcohol or cuts down he/she experiences tremors, insomnia, nausea or anxiety. Typically, the patient drinks more to avoid these symptoms. Beyond intentions the patient ends up drinking more alcohol, or drinks for a longer period than he/she intended. Unsuccessfully attempting to cut down the patient is continuously trying to cut down alcohol consumption, but does not succeed. Or the patient has a persistent desire to cut down. Time consuming the patient spends a lot of time obtaining, using or recovering from alcohol consumption. Withdrawal the patient withdraws from recreational, social, or occupational activities. This did not used to be the case. Persistence the patient carries on consuming alcohol even though he/she knows it is harming him/her physically and psychologically. Some signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse may be due to another condition, or simple aging, such as memory problems, or falling. Some patients may go to their doctor about a medical condition, such as a digestive problem, and not mention their alcohol abuse. It is not always easy for a doctor to identify candidates for alcohol dependency screening. If a doctor suspects alcohol may be a problem, he/she may ask a series of questions if the patient answers in a certain way the doctor may go on to use a standardized questionnaire. A single question can identify unhealthy alcohol use in patients, a study revealed. Blood tests can only reveal very recent alcohol consumption. They cannot tell whether a person has been drinking heavily for a long time. If a blood test reveals that the red blood cells have increased in size it could be an indication of long-term alcohol abuse. Carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT) this is a test which helps detect heavy alcohol consumption. It is a blood test. There are other tests which can indicate whether the liver has been damaged, or whether a man has reduced testosterone levels however, screening with a good questionnaire is seen as the most effective means for an accurate diagnosis. Most alcoholics deny they have a problem and tend to minimize the extent of their drinking. Talking to family members may help the doctor in his/her diagnosis (permission will be needed for this). Complications of alcoholism and alcohol abuse Usually, drinking alcohol initially elevates the persons mood. However, after a long period of regular heavy drinking the persons nervous system will become depressed and the drinker will become sedated by alcohol. Alcohol may undermine a persons judgment; it can lower inhibitions and alter the drinkers thoughts, emotions and general behavior. Heavy regular drinking can have a serious effect on a persons ability to coordinate his/her muscles and speak properly. Heavy binge drinking could cause the patient to go into coma. Eventually, regular heavy drinking may cause at least one of the following problems: Fatigue the patient is tired most of the time. Memory loss especially the patients short-term memory. Eye muscles the eye muscles can become significantly weaker. Liver diseases the patient has a considerably higher chance of developing hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Cirrhosis of the liver is an irreversible and progressive condition. Gastrointestinal complications the patient can develop gastritis, or pancreas damage. These problems also seriously undermine the bodys ability to digest food, absorb certain vitamins, and produce hormones which regulate metabolism. Hypertension regular heavy drinking invariably raises the persons blood pressure. Heart problems regular heaving drinking can lead to cardiomyopathy (damaged heart muscle), heart failure, and stroke. Diabetes alcoholics have a very high risk of developing diabetes type 2. Patients who have diabetes will invariably have serious complications if they are regular heavy drinkers of alcohol. Alcohol prevents the release of glucose from the liver, causing hypoglycemia. A person with diabetes is already taking insulin to lower his/her blood sugar levels hypoglycemia could be devastating. Menstruation alcoholism will usually stop menstruation or disrupt it. Erectile dysfunction alcoholic men are much more likely to have problems getting an erection, or sustaining one. Fetal alcohol syndrome women who abuse alcohol during their pregnancy are much more likely to have babies with birth defects, including a small head, heart problems, shortened eyelids, as well as developmental and cognitive problems. Thinning bones alcoholics invariably suffer from thinning of the bones because alcohol interferes with the production of new bone. This means an increased risk of fractures. Nervous system problems alcoholism often causes numbness in the extremities, dementia and confused/disordered thinking. Cancer alcoholics have a much higher risk of developing several cancers, including cancer of the mouth, esophagus, liver, colon, rectum, breast, prostate and pharynx. An international study found that the key causes of bowel cancer are alcohol and smoking. In fact, even moderate alcohol consumption is linked to a higher incidence of cancer among women, a study found. Another study found that consuming just two or more drinks per day could increase a persons risk of pancreatic cancer by about 22%. Accidents alcoholics are vulnerable to injuries from falls, car crashes, being run over, etc. The NIH says that over half of all American traffic deaths are alcohol-related. Domestic abuse alcohol is a major factor in spouse beating, child abuse, and conflicts with neighbors. Work (school) problems employment problems, unemployment, school problems, are often alcohol-related. Suicide suicide rates among people who are alcohol-dependent or who abuse alcohol are much higher than among other people. Mental illness alcohol abuse can cause mental illness and make existing mental illnesses worse. Problems with the law the percentage of alcoholics who end up in court or in prison is significantly higher compared to the rest of the population. reaching for the whiskey glass Treatment for alcohol dependencySome medical inpatients with unhealthy alcohol use may benefit from a brief intervention, say researchers from Boston University School of Medicine. The first step for the alcoholic is to acknowledge that there is an alcohol dependency problem. The next step is to get help. In most of the world there are several support groups and professional services available. A study found that people with a stable psychosocial life situation often delay in seeking help for their alcohol problems even though they are serious. In another study, published in March 2012, scientists from Norway re-analyzed data from old trials that tested LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) for the treatment of alcoholism and concluded that a single dose of the psychedelic drug was effective in decreasing alcohol misuse. Researchers from the Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, informed in Frontiers in Pharmacology in October 2012 that veterans who smoke have a higher risk of alcohol abuse relapse than non-smokers. They added that smoking while trying to give up drinking impairs memory, learning and other cognitive skills, which undermine successful sobriety. The following are recognised treatment options for alcoholism: Do-it-yourself experts say about 30% of people with an alcohol problem manage to reduce their drinking or abstain without seeking professional help. There is a great deal of material in books and the internet that may help the self-helper. Counseling a qualified counselor can help the alcoholic talk through his/her problems and then devise a plan to tackle the drinking. CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) is commonly used to treat alcohol dependency. Treating underlying problems the alcoholic may have a problem with self-esteem, stress, anxiety, depression, or some other mental health problem. It is important to treat these problems too. It is crucial for the alcoholic to realize that drinking will probably make mental health problems worse. As alcoholics commonly suffer from hypertension, liver diseases, and possibly heart diseases, these will need to be treated too. Residential programs residential programs are ideal for some people. They include expert professional help, individual or group therapy, support groups, training, family involvement, activity therapy, and a host of strategies that are aimed at treating the alcoholic successfully. Some people find that being physically away from access to temptation is a great help. Drug that provokes a severe reaction to alcohol Antabuse (disulfiram) causes a severe reaction when somebody drinks alcohol, including nausea, flushing, vomiting and headaches. It is a deterrent. It will not treat the alcoholics compulsion and will not cure alcoholism. Drugs for cravings Naltrexone (ReVia) may help with the urge to have a drink. Acamprosate (Campral) may help with cravings. Hormone ghrelin Researchers at the Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, have discovered a new brain mechanism involved in alcohol addiction involving the stomach hormone ghrelin. When ghrelins actions in the brain are blocked, alcohols effects on the reward system are reduced. It is an important discovery that could lead to new therapies for addictions such as alcohol dependence. Detoxification the patient takes some medication to prevent withdrawal symptoms (delirium tremens) which many alcoholics experience when they give up drinking. Treatment usually lasts from four to seven days. Chlordiazepoxide, a benzodiazepine medication, is frequently used for detoxification (detox). Doses will be initially high, and will then taper off. It is important that the patient abstains completely from alcohol during the detox. Staying on the wagon (remaining abstinent) some patients find the detox acheivable, but start drinking again soon after, or some time later. It is important to remember Samuel Johnsons phrase If at first you dont succeed. Try, try, and try again. Success rates are significantly improved if the patient has access to counseling or some support group. Family support is crucial. Sometimes a good GP can provide vital support. A study found that genetics is a factor in predicting the risk of relapse among alcohol-dependent patients. Further Reading: What is Alcohol Poisoning? What are the Dangers of Alcohol Poisoning? Written by Christian Nordqvist Copyright: Medical News Today