Supersymmetry

Anyone who has studied basic science knows about the atom: the basic building block of matter as we know it. All of us, along with our planet, the solar system, stars, and galaxies, are made of atoms. But, atoms themselves are built from much smaller units called subatomic particles—electrons, protons, and neutrons. The study of these and other subatomic particles is called particle physics  the study of the nature of and interactions between these particles, which make up matter and radiation. One of the latest topics in particle physics research is supersymmetry which, like string theory, uses models of one-dimensional strings in place of particles to help explain certain phenomena that are still not well understood. The theory says that at the beginning of the universe when the rudimentary particles were being formed, an equal number of so-called superparticles or superpartners were created at the same time. Although this idea is not yet proven, physicists are using instruments such as the Large Hadron Collider to search for these superparticles. If they do exist, it would at least double the number of known particles in the cosmos. To understand supersymmetry, its best to start with a look at the particles that are known and understood in the universe. Dividing the Subatomic Particles Subatomic particles arent the smallest units of matter. They are made up of even tinier divisions called elementary particles, which themselves are considered by physicists to be excitations of quantum fields. In physics, fields are regions where each area or point is affected by a force, such as gravity or electromagnetism. Quantum refers to the smallest amount of any physical entity that is involved in interactions with other entities or affected by forces. The energy of an electron in an atom is quantized. A light particle, called a photon, is a single quantum of light. The field of quantum mechanics or quantum physics is the study of these units and how physical laws affect them. Or, think of it as the study of very small fields and discrete units and how they are affected by physical forces. Particles and Theories All known particles, including the sub-atomic particles, and their interactions are described by a theory called the Standard Model. It has 61 elementary particles which can combine to form composite particles. It is not yet a complete description of nature, but it gives enough for particle physicists to try and understand some fundamental rules about how matter is made up, particularly in the early universe. The Standard Model describes three of four fundamental forces in the universe: the electromagnetic force (which deals with interactions between electrically charged particles), the weak force (which deals with the interaction between subatomic particles that results in radioactive decay), and the strong force (which holds particles together at short distances). It does not explain the gravitational force. As mentioned above, it also describes the 61 particles known so far.   Particles, Forces, and Supersymmetry The study of the smallest particles and the forces that affect and govern them has led physicists to the idea of supersymmetry. It maintains that all particles in the universe are divided into two groups: bosons (which are subclassified into gauge bosons and one scalar boson) and fermions (which get subclassified as quarks and antiquarks, leptons and anti-leptons, and their various generations). The hadrons are composites of multiple quarks. The theory of supersymmetry posits that theres a connection between all these particle types and subtypes. So, for example, supersymmetry says that a fermion has to exist for every boson, or, for each electron, it suggests there is superpartner called a selectron and vice versa. These superpartners are connected to each other in some way. Supersymmetry is an elegant theory, and if it is proven to be true, it would go a long way toward helping physicists fully explain the building blocks of matter within the Standard Model and bring gravity into the fold. So far, however, superpartner particles have not been detected in experiments using the Large Hadron Collider. That doesnt mean they dont exist, but that they havent yet been detected. It can also help particle physicists pin down the mass of a very basic subatomic particle: the Higgs boson (which is a manifestation of something called the Higgs Field). This is the particle that gives all matter its mass, so its an important one to understand thoroughly. Why Is Supersymmetry Important? The concept of supersymmetry, while extremely complex, is, at its heart, a way to delve deeper into the fundamental particles that make up the universe. While particle physicists think they have found the very basic units of matter in the sub-atomic world, they are still a long way from understanding them completely. So, research into the nature of subatomic particles and their possible superpartners will continue. Supersymmetry may also help physicists zero in on the nature of dark matter. It is a (so far) unseen form of matter that can be detected indirectly by its gravitational effect on regular matter. It could well work out that the same particles being sought out in supersymmetry research could hold a clue to the nature of dark matter.

The Glass Menagerie - 1464 Words

The theme of Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie is conflict. The play contains both internal and external conflict. The absence of Toms father forces external turmoil and conflict between Tom the protagonist, and his mother the antagonist. The internal conflict is seen within Tom through his constant references to leaving home and his selfishness. The play is about a young aspiring poet named Tom, who works at a shoe warehouse. Tom is unhappy with is life at home mainly because of his overbearing, over protective mother named Amanda. Tom also has a sister within the play named Laura who chooses to isolate herself from the rest of society. During the play Toms relationship with his mother is filled with very harsh and abrasive†¦show more content†¦Within the quote Tom proves he is a coward because he tries to find the easy way out of handling his problems by leaving. Tom believes his absence is a well deserved punishment for his mother and boss because he was forced to fi ll his fathers shoes. The portrayal of Toms character is similar to Jessies because they both feel leaving is the only way to solve their problems. Much like Tom, Jessie chooses to solve hers within the play by leaving through death. Both Jessie and Tom feel handling their predicaments by leaving are justifiable and suitable. For instance, Jessies cowardliness is displayed when Thelma says, You can keep trying. You can get brave and try some more. You dont have to give up!(Norman 1486). It is clearly seen within the quote Thelma equates Jessie to a quitter because she realizes Jessie is abandoning her many problems by giving up. Jessies desperation and lack of confidence compliment her depiction as a coward. In the same way, Stein believes Tom is coward when he says, Toms desire to escape from home and the warehouse and Amandas belief (Stein 4). Steins references to the things Tom abandons during the play emphasizes Toms cowardly manner. Stein realizes Tom would rather act irrationa lly and not try to solve his problems as opposed to acting rationally and solving the problems. As has been noted, the portrayal of Tom as a coward helps to elaborate on the theme of conflict.Show MoreRelatedThe Glass Menagerie561 Words   |  2 PagesThe twentieth century was a century full of memorable events. These events influence most everything going on around them. Tennessee Williams’s play, The Glass Menagerie, influenced twentieth century American theatre and continues to influence theatre to this day. Many unforgettable things happened in the twentieth century. On October 24th, 1929 the stock market crashes (Daniel 375). This sends the country into a panic. In other countries much more is going on such as the Holocaust. On SeptemberRead More Essay on the Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Symbolism of the Menagerie in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚   Tennessee Williams play, The Glass Menagerie, describes three separate characters, their dreams, and the harsh realities they face in a modern world.   The Glass Menagerie exposes the lost dreams of a southern family and their desperate struggle to escape reality. Williams use of symbols adds depth to the play. The glass menagerie itself is a symbol Williams uses to represent the broken lives of Amanda, Laura and Tom Wingfield andRead MoreThe And The Glass Menagerie1597 Words   |  7 Pagessituations can lead to a woman to be too mothering. It is a factor that transcends real life. This conflict causing dynamic is very prevalent in numerous stories, films, and plays. Two plays where it is shown in significance are Machinal and The Glass Menagerie. In both cases, the actions taken by the mother roles in the shows, resulted in some of the character’s roles ending in unfortunate events of some sort. Sophie Treadwell’s Machinal was loosely based and i nspired by the murder trial ofRead MoreEssay on Glass Menagerie722 Words   |  3 Pages Compare amp; Contrast Essay nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams contained well-characterized characters. The quot;Dead Poetamp;#8217;s Societyquot; also contained a great set of characters that were similar to those in The Glass Menagerie. It is fair to say that the characters of The Glass Menagerie and the characters of quot;Dead Poetamp;#8217;s Societyquot; are more similar than different. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Both stories had no main characters;Read MoreGlass Menagerie Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesGlass Menagerie Written Responses Topic: Discuss how a theme is developed in the play through two characters. Provide 3 pieces of evidence to support the theme as it applies to each character. â€Å" The Glass Menagerie †, a memory play by Tennessee Williams, not only depicts the depressing andRead MoreA Glued Glass Menagerie.500 Words   |  2 PagesA Glued Glass Menagerie. A hopelessly romantic â€Å"Southern Belle†, Amanda Wingfield is said to be the â€Å"most dramatic character of The Glass Menagerie.† Amanda’s part in this particular play is that of an expressive mother who has been brought into the real world by the digressing economy, and new world form. Life as she knew it changed in a powerful way. In Tennessee William’s The Glass Menagerie, Amanda Wingfield is a caring mother who desperately tries to create a perfect world within her not-so-perfectRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie Essay1802 Words   |  8 PagesThe Glass Menagerie-Journal Entry #1 If you could change the outcome of the story, what change would you make? If I could change the outcome of the story, I would have allowed Laura and Jim O’Connor to get married. I would have made this change because then Amanda’s problem would have been solved, and Laura would have had financial support in the future. Another reason I would have made this change is because Jim O’Connor would have been the ideal man for Laura because he connected with her.Read More The Glass Menagerie Essay685 Words   |  3 PagesThe Glass Menagerie Symbolism is a major aspect in Tennessee Williams famous play, The Glass Menagerie. On the surface, the short slice of life story seems to be simple. However, if the reader digs deeper they will find that there are several symbols that give the play a deeper meaning. Each character defines each symbol in a different way. There are some very noticeable symbols that can be analyzed when studying The Glass Menagerie. The first is the actual glass menagerie that representsRead MoreThe Glass Menagerie : An Autobiography1449 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie: An Autobiography Tennessee William’s The Glass Menagerie is, by definition, a memory play. (Southeastern) It’s written from the point of view of Tom Wingfield, and outlines the events that caused him to flee his family, the entire story filled with undertones of guilt, as he regrets leaving his sister, Laura. The entire situation is eerily similar to the life of Williams, with the characters mimicking his real-life family – even similarly named – and the (arguably) main characterRead MoreThe Themes of the Glass Menagerie1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe Themes of the Glass Menagerie Tennessee Williams’s The Glass Menagerie is the story of the Wingfield family, Amanda, the mother, Tom, son, and Laura, daughter. The Wingfield’s story is one in which contains many underlying themes that each character experiences throughout the play. This essay will explore in depth looks at the themes, difficulty accepting reality, the impossibility of a true escape, and the unrelenting power of memory, as well as each characters issues with abandonment left

Leadership for Transformational and Charismatic - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLeadership for Transformational and Charismatic. Answer: Definition of Leadership Leadership in plain words refers to certain skills and abilities of an individual who excels in leading other persons thereby convincing them to pursue his/ her objectives and purposes collectively. However, it is quite likely that most of the persons must be aware regarding the above mentioned statements. However, after undergoing the class activities, discussions and readings I have comprehended that there are other criteria that require to be fulfilled by any successful leader such as style, strategy and method implemented by the leader. Again on the contrary, the leadership styles, approaches and strategies are affected by other external and internal factors as well as certain specific challenges (Offermann et al., 1994). According to my point of view, the challenges that influence the leadership patterns can be digitalization, change in economics of the market, governmental policies, in-house administration problems, discourse strategy and communication and others. Therefore, to me the definition of leadership is termed as the ongoing activity conducted to make the environmental conditions suitable, possessing knowledge regarding my team members and also knowing myself well including the limitations, acting as a facilitator by rendering the apt tools required for the team members, maintaining a humble and open attitude with positive outlook and authenticism, framing and setting objectives, imprinting the minds of my team members with leadership skills and ideas thereby forming future leaders, active listener and so on (Northouse, 2012). Leadership Learning and its Benefits There are factors that govern the effective leadership qualities and traits. They are the legitimacy, intentions, initiative, morality and behaviour. Further I have learnt over week 1 that successful leadership follows a structure and strategy which helps not only the employees and the leader to become successful bit also help the company achieve competitive advantage in the market. It is anticipated that there must be reasons behind organizations possessing diverse authoritative layers and bosses. As it is stated that organizations never fail, but strategies fail and similar is the situation for leadership. It is not the organization that fails to attain productivity and economic gains but it is the leadership styles and strategies incorporated that might not be rational and apt for the situation (Pearce et al., 2008). Further I have learned that leadership is significant in providing the assurance to smooth functionality of the organization. Moreover, it is dependent on the leaders to ensure whether the workforce gets fair remuneration in consideration to time, amount of work done and money. Further I have observed that inefficient leadership in most cases led to people related problems within the organization. Therefore, it gives me enough hints that efficient leadership will certainly create a positive working environment within the organization where the other following members will also get a feeling of being valued and that will certainly add to the overall momentum and performance of the company (Bass Bass, 2009). Especially the 5 factors that influence good leadership must be articulated whether within an organization or personally. For instance, the factor legitimacy in leadership that refers to the power that the individual possess in his/ her previous designation relating to companys hierarchy appears to be one crucial aspect in front of me. This is because previously I believed that the CEOs or the directors exerts their own leadership power according to their ways which is wrong as these leaders are obligated by the policies of the government to use and exert their legitimate power. Further I understood that it is mainly based upon the aspects of perception as well as reality (Avolio, 2007). Another point that I noted is to become a leader seems fine but what matters most is the intention of a leader. Intentions might be good or bad and that tend to affect the tasks and responsibilities and the lives of the followers as well as the organizations. For example, Saddam Hussein, Osama Bin Laden has also been leaders in their spheres but what segregated them from the world are their intentions. Similarly Barrack Obama is a successful global leader and can be separated from the above mentioned two considering his intentions. Therefore legitimacy, intentions, initiative, morality and behaviour are certain significant factors that govern the traits and effectiveness of leadership is what I mainly learned (Finkelstein et al., 2009). Leadership Implications for the Future Though the definition of leadership appears to be a leader motivating and convincing a group of people to follow his/ her dreams and objectives, well it is not that simple. There are other different layers that come to play to sustain the leadership qualities. Especially with the advent of globalization, the work culture and organizational culture must be kept in mind so as to make ways for global leaders to emerge. The global leaders must be skilled with qualities like entrepreneurism, adaptive capability, collaborative thinking pattern, possessing curious mind, imaginative faculty, effective communication as well as problem solving skills. Organizational culture as I have learnt signifies the culture and the interaction that flows within the organization (Schein, 2010). Culture refers to a behaviour that is practiced and instilled within the internal environment by the successful leaders and that flows outside the organization rendering a glimpse of the working culture. My point is that the organizational culture is inspired by the leaders and their strategies. For example, Hyatts culture stresses on diversity and inclusion. Hyatt not only gives preference to its guests but also its human resources by calling them its associates. Further Mark Hoplamazian, the President of Hyatt puts emphasis on the aspect that the workforce of the company must be treated with diversity and all inclusive work policies so that they are able to pass it on to their consumers according to Hyatt Corporation, (2017). Therefore, I might put it like it is the leader who imprints the thought process of an organization through his/ her way of thinking. Therefore the implications that the leaders are the significant drivers who possess the ability to imbibe their thought process and target upon their followers thereby applying certain effective and innovative strategies is what I have learned and consider to be worthy of application in my future job areas. However, these strategies can be empowering the employees, showing compassion and intelligence in handling situations, charismatic attitude, instilling confidence within the hearts of the group members, giving preference to innovative ideas even while it comes from a lower level employee, following the bottom-top approach rather than going top-bottom and many more (Lussier Achua, 2015). More Leadership Learning Certainly there are a lot of things that I would like to learn regarding leadership. Nonetheless, I have leant on how to become a successful leader and what makes him/ her successful. Moreover, I have also considered the strategies to effective leadership. However, what lingers in my mind is that it is critical to know regarding the barriers to successful leadership as I might be well equipped with my set of strategies in dealing with the hindrances. For example, prior to reading I nurtured the notion that it is the leaders who communicate policies according to their ways and that is being followed stressed Groves, (2007). However, I comprehended that there has to be effective communication between the leader and his/ her group where the leader shoulders the difficult responsibility in convincing the group members. If considered, then in effective communication might crop up as a barrier to good leadership thereby hampering the inner atmosphere of the organization and its productivity. Similarly there are other barriers such as taking the success for granted, overlooking the learning lessons that is derived from committing mistakes, not possessing sufficient knowledge and information regarding the external and internal environment, creating hindrances for the team to finish its jobs and more. Therefore these are the areas where I believe that learning and gaining knowledge is crucial as it will help me while I work as a manager or supervisor in my organization as per the statements of Dinh et al., (2014). Developing Leadership Knowledge and Skills As far as developing leadership knowledge and skills are concerned, I am currently undergoing an online course on leadership. I expect that from this course I would gain much and knowledge pertaining to leadership areas will be more cultivated than it was before. Further I could do more learning on books and the best way to learn is to work practically and gaining experience through practical knowledge. This is because in books there will be theories that I will learn but to implement the same I require to work and be ready to face several sorts of situations. However as a leader, I would apply innovative initiatives in order to take the advantage of the opportunities (Kalshoven et al., 2011). I believe that the successful and healthy companies do recognize the leadership skills and knowledge within any individual and simply not observe the strict and formal managerial tasks. Therefore, even as a part of an organization, I can always display my initiating attitude thereby sharing ideas and responsibilities which will certainly add mileage to my leadership career and personal development. Moreover I must always exhibit a can do attitude whenever situation demands trying to resolve the problems that might arise rather than turning those to other individuals. It is also critical to exhibit confidence, courage and enthusiasm regarding shouldering of responsibilities and situations thereby coining innovative strategies and implementing of skills of myself as well as other people whenever situation requires (Day Harrison, 2007). My Developmental Opportunities There are certain methods that might serve as my developmental opportunities in the path to effective leadership. the first and foremost opportunity that I regard to be is working as a manager or supervisor in an organization and getting to learn and gain more of practical knowledge as well as an evaluation of the market and its environment. Then getting accessibility to hindrances and challenges might test my knowledge thereby allowing me with the opportunity to handle such difficult situations and developing further leadership skills from there. For example, I might look forward to participate in challenging situations of my organization which will also enhance my communicative skills, problem solving skills, sharing of responsibilities with senior officials as well as other co-workers (Antonakis House, 2013). Therefore this appears as one of the scopes to developing leadership knowledge and skills. Further I might simply look forward to forming a group comprising personnel from diverse departments and share visions and ideas with them. This will help me in instances of complex projects where I get to work with different people coming from different background thereby gaining more knowledge regarding strategic issues and diversity. Further there is also great scope in learning about companys culture and getting one with it which will certainly serve as another developmental opportunity in the journey to successful leadership (Uhl-Bien et al., 2007). Improvement Strategies when Required There are many places that might require improvement through the incorporation of effective strategies within an organization. The improvement areas can be the team building, work culture, corporate communication, overall organizational strategy and many more. For example, team building calls for a massive innovation thereby allowing the leaders to implement their emotional intelligence, discipline, knowledge and experience. Moreover the leaders must possess the comprehension of handling people skills, their limitations, qualities and others. Recognition is one criterion that requires to be fulfilled while the leader ventures for team building (Woolley et al., 2011). Again on the other hand, improving the work culture requires certain factors from the leaders to fulfil such as nurturing vision and helping other members of the working environment see it and believe in it. Instilling trust within the work place is another crucial aspect that must always be considered. Sharing of knowledge and responsibilities will naturally kindle the leadership spirit in the concerning individuals as well as transparent communication must be achieved. I learnt that whenever situation requires improvement, these are few strategies that a leader might formulate to improve the scenario (Avolio, 2007). References Antonakis, J., House, R. J. (2013). The full-range leadership theory: The way forward. InTransformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition(pp. 3-33). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Avolio, B. J. (2007). Promoting more integrative strategies for leadership theory-building.American Psychologist,62(1), 25. Bass, B. M., Bass, R. (2009).The Bass handbook of leadership: Theory, research, and managerial applications. Simon and Schuster. Day, D. V., Harrison, M. M. (2007). A multilevel, identity-based approach to leadership development.Human Resource Management Review,17(4), 360-373. Dinh, J. E., Lord, R. G., Gardner, W. L., Meuser, J. D., Liden, R. C., Hu, J. (2014). Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), 36-62. Finkelstein, S., Hambrick, D. C., Cannella, A. A. (2009).Strategic leadership: Theory and research on executives, top management teams, and boards. Oxford University Press, USA. Groves, K. S. (2007). Integrating leadership development and succession planning best practices.Journal of management development,26(3), 239-260. Hyatt Corporation. (2017). Diversity and Inclusion | Hyatt Workplace. Hyattworkplace.com. Retrieved 19 May 2017, from https://www.hyattworkplace.com/our-workplace/diversity-inclusion Kalshoven, K., Den Hartog, D. N., De Hoogh, A. H. (2011). Ethical leadership at work questionnaire (ELW): Development and validation of a multidimensional measure.The Leadership Quarterly,22(1), 51-69. Lussier, R. N., Achua, C. F. (2015).Leadership: Theory, application, skill development. Nelson Education. Northouse, P. G. (2012).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage. Offermann, L.R., Kennedy, J.K., and Wirtz, P.W. (1994). Implicit leadership theories: content, structure, and generalizability. Leadership Quarterly, 5(1), 43-58. Pearce, C. L., Conger, J. A., Locke, E. A. (2008). Shared leadership theory.The Leadership Quarterly,19(5), 622-628. Schein, E. H. (2010).Organizational culture and leadership(Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons. Uhl-Bien, M., Marion, R., McKelvey, B. (2007). Complexity leadership theory: Shifting leadership from the industrial age to the knowledge era.The leadership quarterly,18(4), 298-318. Woolley, L., Caza, A., Levy, L. (2011). Authentic leadership and follower development: Psychological capital, positive work climate, and gender.Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies,18(4), 438-448.

Sasa Background free essay sample

Sasa Company has about 240 of retail sale shops and counters in Asia area. Otherwise, in Asia, there have six main markets in Hong Kong, Mainland, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan and Macau. Also Sasa Company hired around 4000 employees. It sells more about 600 brands products, include skin-care product, perfume, toiletry, hairlogist, body-care product and beauty nutrition product. t is very popular in Asia because in Sasa there have more choice to give customer to buy, sometimes Sasa also will agent some of the brand for only their company to sell out to attract more customers to buy their products. Sasa’s target customers include young female, lady and family(daily product),man, actually Sasa’s products are suitable for great majority people to use, most of the type for their product is skin-care product, it is useful for children, female and man so Sasa have a large target customers to make this company be more popular in these years. We will write a custom essay sample on Sasa Background or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The position that we have selected in Sasa Company is buyer. Buyer is a very important position in a company, it decide what, which product the company will sell in the market so buyer must very clear about what the customers need in the market what type of product will attract more. After to confirm which type or which brand of the product the company should choose, buyer have to talk with the brand company about the authority of agency, include the price, the time-limit, etc.. So buyer must have a good connect skill with people and the sense of responsibility. There have a vacancy in Sasa company because this position’s requests are very high and lots companies are need this position mostly, most the company they have be deficient in buyers, because the candidate must have more experience in similar job in the past so just can handle this job well and truly, also the candidate must have a good language culture to contact with their brand company, have a nice social contact in the related trade.