Activities of the Ku Klux Klan Essay Example for Free

Activities of the Ku Klux Klan Essay With the Civil War over and tensions still high between the south and the north; the country saw a rise in violence against African Americans. Those in the south still didn’t believe blacks rated the same as them. In this paper I will discuss the rise of the Ku Klux Klan, the activities the Klan participated in, and the eventual fall of the Klan. After the Civil war ended many southerners still had the belief that the Blacks were not equal and should not be put in the same class or jobs as white men and women. With tensions rising violence began to break out and Blacks were the main target as well as anyone that was assisting the Black community. On December 24th, 1865 six confederate veterans got together and formed the first Klan. To historians the Klan was formed as a post Civil war insurgent rise that was fighting against the dramatically changing social situation our country was facing. The Klan used public violence against blacks as intimidation; attempting to keep them out of jobs and off the land that whites believed they did not and should not own. To the Klan Blacks were a inferior race and should stay that way; working for whites as a labor force. As the years went by the Klan attempted to create a hierarchy with the various chapters in the south, however the plan failed and the various chapters went on to terrorize their areas and settle feuds that were boiling. During the time of the Klan, the members acted in many differing activities. The Klan choose to ride at night and use the darkness as their ally as they terrorized the black community. When they would ride at night they often dawned white masks to mask their identity from the community, mainly for the simply reason that the members of the Klan were often high ranking officials of the military or of the community. When the Klan would ride they often targeted black political leaders as well as heads of the families, along with the leaders of the churches, and community groups because these men and women were a icon in the community. The Klan was also against blacks voting, in a matter of weeks that Klan had killed or wounded over two-thousand black voters in Louisiana before the Presidential election of 1868. By 1868, just 2 years after the creation of the Klan its activities began to fade and die down. In 1870 the government stated that the Klan was an organized terrorist group and began to indict members of the Klan. A reporter in Georgia wrote in January 1870, A true statement of the case is not that the Ku Klux are an organized band of licensed criminals, but that men who commit crimes call themselves Ku Klux.† (1) As the Klan decreased its unpopularity also shot down, in 1870 the Klan was destroyed in South Carolina and discriminated against in the rest of the south. In 1872 the Klan was completely disbanded and didn’t come back till 1915. In conclusion, the Klan was a group of men and some women that still held the beliefs that the black community was underneath the whites. They did not see them as equals and did not agree with what the north was trying to do after the Civil war. In the beginning the Klan was strong and had nearly 550,000 members that terrorized the south, but the lack of leadership and differing views ultimately led to their demise and eventual destruction of the Klan.

Pateman On Locke Essay -- essays research papers fc

For years social contract theorists had monopolized the explanation of modern society. John Locke was among those who advocated this theory of a collectively chosen set of circumstances. Carole Pateman, on the other hand rejects many of the pillars of the social contract and specifically attacks certain aspects of Locke's argument regarding paternalism and patriarchy. Pateman defends her idea that the individual about which Locke writes is masculine, instead of the gender-encompassing form of the word "man." Pateman also argues that Locke denies the individuality of women. Instead of scrapping his entire work, however, she grants him a couple of concessions, even acknowledging Locke as anti-patriarchal. If John Locke were around to defend his theories, he would probably have an opinion about the treatment of his work. To accurately discuss Pateman's view of Locke's paternal/patriarchal theory, a working knowledge of the theory itself is necessary. According to Locke "all men by nature are equal"(Second Treatise: 43) with the exception of children who have not reached the full state of equality, but must obey their parents. Domestic and political power is vested in the Father, according to Locke. As he puts it, "the natural fathers of families, by an insensible change, became the politic monarchs of them too."(Second Treatise: 42) Locke does not reserve domestic power regarding children solely to the Father, however. Instead he claims that the mother "hath an equal title."(Second Treatise: 30) He even defends the rights of children. Locke argues that children have the same moral rights as any other person, though the child's inadequate mental faculties make it permissible for his parents to rule over him to a limited degree. "Thus we are born Free, as we are born Rational; not that we have actually the Exercise of either: Age that brings one, brings with it the other too." (Second Treatise: 30) Locke does specify that children are free because of their "father's title," in addition to being governed by the law of their father. It is less clear in this situation whether Locke is using the term "father" to include both parents as the "term" man can be interpreted to mean both sexes. It is likely, based on the tradition of male heredity prevalent during his time, that Locke liter... ...tical monarchs." Another far-reaching defense Locke could pose for his theories is a simple clarification of terms. Pateman relies heavily on the fact that Locke's definition of "man" is man, not humanity. If the late philosopher were present today he could clarify precisely what he meant by this term, and dispel or support Pateman's accusation. John Locke's view of the the social contract comes under attack by the criticism of Carole Pateman. She not only refutes his use of terms, but also accuses Locke of ignoring women. Pateman claims that Locke purposefully left women out of the original contract in the same fashion that he denies their individuality. Like most people, Locke would likely defend himself and his theories to the best of his abilities if he were able. Either way, Pateman's critique provides the opportunity for reexamination of a widely accepted theory and theorist. Works Cited Locke, John. Second Treatise of Government. Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co, 1980. Pateman, Carole. The Sexual Contract. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1988. Comments: This is an evaluation of modern-feminist philosopher Carole Pateman's description of John Locke's theories.

Determining Lung Capacity

Determining lung capacity Experiment: This is the experiment of determining lung capacity. All the students in the group measured three types of different parameters: vital capacity, expiratory reserve and tidal volume. â€Å"Lung volumeizing refer to physical differences in lung volume, while lung capacities represent different combinations of lung volumes, usually in relation to inhalation and exhalation. The average pair of human lungs can hold about 6 liters of air, but only a small amount of this capacity is used during normal breathing. Several factors affect lung volumes, some that can be controlled and some that can not. Lung volumes can be measured using the following terms[1]: Table 1 Larger volumes |Smaller volumes | |males |Females | |taller people |shorter people | |non-smokers |smokers | |athletes |non-athletes | |people living at high altitudes |people living at low altitudes | The results that were measured during the experiment are showen in the table. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1. Vital capacity is the amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs after maximal inspiration. The precise formula for measuring vital capacity is: Inspiratory reserve volume( IRV) + Tidal volume( TV) + Expiratory reserve volume (ERV). 2] My calculations showed next values of diameter of the balloon: First measurement = 19 cm Seco nd measurement = 20 cm Third measurement = 21 cm Fourth measurement = 21 cm Average one is = 20. 25 However, the only formula that we used in this experiment to calculate the volume in balloon is next one: VOLUME = 1. 33 [pic] r[pic], where r = [pic] of the average diameter of the balloon and [pic]= 3. 14. So in this case, vital capacity is: r = 10. 125 V= 1. 33 [pic] 3. 14 [pic]( 10. 125)[pic] V= 4334. 77 2. Expiratory reserve capacity is the amount of additional air that can be breathed out after the end expiratory level of normal breathing. 3] Expiratory reserve that was measured showed next values: First measurement =13. 5 cm Second measurement = 14 cm Third measurement = 13. 5 cm Fourth measurement = 14 cm Average one is = 13. 75 r = 6. 875 V = 1. 33 [pic] 3. 14 [pic]( 6. 875)[pic] V = 1357. 06 3. Tidal volume is the amount of air breathed in or out during normal respiration[4]. Tidal volume that was measured showe next results: First measurement = 15 cm Second measurement = 15 . 5 cm Third measurement = 15. 5 cm Fourth measurement = 15 cm Average one is = 15. 25 r = 7. 625 V = 1. 33 [pic] 3. 14 [pic]( 7. 625)[pic] V = 1851. 402 Conclusion: It is possible to deduce that each of the volumes is bigger in males than in females. This is because of the construction of the body, where men need larger lung capacity than women. In this way we proved the statement is the Table 1. The other thing that was proved is that athlets have much bigger lung capacity than those who don't play any sport. This is better shown in female example in this experiment. We can see also that the vital capacity is the largest because it represent the amount of air exhaled after maximum inhalation. Tidal volume is smaller, because it is the air exhaled during normal respiration. However, it is also shown that Expiratory reserve is the smallest, because it represents the amount of air exhaled right before next inhalation. Evaluation: We could extend this experiment by measuring other values such as: 1. „Total Lung Capacity (TLC). The formula for calculating TLC is = IRV + TV + ERV + RV. This is the volume of gas contained in the lung at the end of maximal inspiration. 2. Forced vital capacity. This is the amount of air that can be maximally forced out of the lungs after a maximal inspiration. 3. Residual volume (RV). This is the amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation. 4. Inspiratory reserve volume ( IRV). The formula for calcutaing IRV = VC- ( TV + ERV). This is the additional air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal breath in. 5. Functional residual capacity (FRC). The formula for calculating FRC = ERV+ RV. This is the amount of air left in the lungs after a tidal breath out. 6. Inspiratory capacity ( IC). The formula for calculating IC = TV + IRV. This is the volume that can be inhaled after a tidal breathe-out. †[5] In this way, it would be possible to calculate all the values using the right formulas. In this experiment, we might have some errors. During the measurement of the diameter of the balloon, it is possible that the values read on the ruler were wrong. [pic] Graph showing vital capacity of the students [pic] Graph showing expiratory reserve of the students [pic] Graph showing tidal volume of the students | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ———————– [1] www. wikipedia. com [2] www. wikipedia. com [3] www. wikipedia. com [4] www. wikipedia. com [5] www. wikipedia. com

Art Critiques - 2952 Words

Critiques Chapter 1: 1. Mona Lisa is one of the most famous pieces of art work in the world. Leonardo da Vinci used a light and dark contrast in this portrait to achieve the emphasis of her mysterious facial expression. (Page 2). 2. The artwork of the â€Å"Kenyan woman† there was a variety of colors. The colors in this work portrayed the beauty in different cultures. The smile of the Kenyan woman shows that happiness is beauty. (Page 3). 3. This picture is of the Column of Trajan in Rome, Italy. The spirals on this piece of architecture portray the victories of Napoleon Bonaparte. The history and antiqueness of this column makes this picture beautiful. (Page 8). Chapter 2: 1. Sol LeWitt’s â€Å"Lines from four corners to points†¦show more content†¦This image portrays the lava pouring out of a volcano as it explodes. (Page 129). 2. â€Å"Still Life, Tulips† is a watercolor painting done on paper by artist Emil Nolde. This painting represents the beauty of nature. The colors in this picture help express how beautiful nature can really be and that people really need to take the time to enjoy nature. (Page 131). 3. â€Å"Arcadia Revisted† is a spray paint on canvas done by artist Crash (John Matos). This piece of artwork looks very graffiti like. This picture portrays the energy of the era. (Page 132). Chapter 7: 1. Artist Chen Xuhai’s artwork known as â€Å"Golden Autumn† seems very complex. This piece of artwork seems to be of an aging face. The lines on the face represent the wrinkles on a person’s face. (Page 138). 2. â€Å"The Mothers† done by artist Kà ¤the Kollwitz emphasizes a mother’s love their child after a war. The facial expressions of the mothers and children seem to be very depressing, which gives this piece of artwork creates a sense of sorrow. (Page 145). 3. Edgar Degas’s masterpiece known as â€Å"The Ballet Master† shows a man teaching a woman ballet. It seems as if he is directing her as to what to do. This image seems to be a unique piece of art. (Page 147). Chapter 8: 1. â€Å"Young Lady with an Umbrella† shows a woman enjoying the presence of nature. This photography really captures the beauty in nature with the beautiful fall leaves. (Page 155). 2. â€Å"The BrownShow MoreRelatedViking Art : A Critique1615 Words   |  7 PagesViking Art : A Critique James Graham-Campbell’s Viking Art is an illustrated study of Viking art from the Scandinavian world from AD 800 to around AD 1100. Graham-Campbell chose not to focus on one particular style or one specific location, but instead paints a vivid picture of Viking art all over the Scandinavian world and how it changed and was adapted in various time periods of the Viking Age. 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